============= Transaction # 1 ============================================== Transaction #: 1 Transaction Code: 0 (New Host Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:19:09 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 2 ============================================== Transaction #: 2 Transaction Code: 35 (New Host Connected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:19:10 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 3 ============================================== Transaction #: 3 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:20:16 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 6 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {drugs for the treatment of asthma})" ============= Transaction # 4 ============================================== Transaction #: 4 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:20:20 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8389 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 5 ============================================== Transaction #: 5 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:22:18 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 6 ============================================== Transaction #: 6 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:23:06 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8389 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 7 ============================================== Transaction #: 7 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:23:22 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8389 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 8 ============================================== Transaction #: 8 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:24:06 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 9 ============================================== Transaction #: 9 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:24:22 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 10 ============================================== Transaction #: 10 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:25:04 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 11 ============================================== Transaction #: 11 Transaction Code: 27 (Saved Recs. Win. Exited) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:25:08 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 12 ============================================== Transaction #: 12 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:25:32 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 7 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {drugs for the treatment of asthma ventolin})" ============= Transaction # 13 ============================================== Transaction #: 13 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:25:35 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8390 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 14 ============================================== Transaction #: 14 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:26:29 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 1 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 8 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {drugs for the treatment of asthma ventolin}) and (title {g laxo})" ============= Transaction # 15 ============================================== Transaction #: 15 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:26:32 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 141 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 16 ============================================== Transaction #: 16 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:26:53 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 17 ============================================== Transaction #: 17 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:27:05 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:1 ============= Transaction # 18 ============================================== Transaction #: 18 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:27:46 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 206926 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 19 ============================================== Transaction #: 19 Transaction Code: 16 (History Viewed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:28:36 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 20 ============================================== Transaction #: 20 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:29:06 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 21 ============================================== Transaction #: 21 Transaction Code: 27 (Saved Recs. Win. Exited) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:29:14 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 22 ============================================== Transaction #: 22 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:29:30 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 23 ============================================== Transaction #: 23 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:30:15 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 24 ============================================== Transaction #: 24 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:31:18 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {causes of el nino})" ============= Transaction # 25 ============================================== Transaction #: 25 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:31:20 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 860 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 26 ============================================== Transaction #: 26 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:31:24 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 27 ============================================== Transaction #: 27 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:32:10 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino})" ============= Transaction # 28 ============================================== Transaction #: 28 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:32:16 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 40658 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 29 ============================================== Transaction #: 29 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:32:23 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT921-10204 _AN-CBGA3ACSFT 920 207 FT 07 FEB 92 / Commodities and Agriculture: Keeping a weather-eye on a troublesome 'child' / A look at the crop problems posed b y the unpredictable El Nino climate phenomenon By BA RBARA DURR TO CALM anxious grain traders the Chicago Board of Trade will offer a seminar later this month on El Nino, the weather pheno menon that develops in the equatorial Pacific every three to five years and can cause global climate upsets. Grain traders are keen to know if they can expect this year's El Nino to disturb the US weather pattern sufficiently to make a dent in crop output. Although signs of El Nino had been accumulating during 1991, only last month did the the US National Weather Service finall y conclude publicly that the phenomenon was a fact. The symptoms had been sh owing themselves overseas since last spring - rising surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific, drought in the western Pacific rim from Au stralia through Indonesia, a weaker Indian monsoon, dryness in north-eastern Brazil, drought in South Africa and wetness last summer in the Great Basin of the US, which runs from Arizona north to Idaho. While many of these condi tions indicate that El Nino is occurring, they do not reveal its severity. T he phenomenon generally peaks in the northern hemisphere's winter. This help s explain why Peruvian fishermen dubbed the phenomenon El Nino, which means Christ child in Spanish. It arrived about Christmas time. Mr Vernon Kousky, a research meteorologist with the US weather service, now assesses the curre nt El Nino as 'moderate to strong'. While individual weather events cannot a lways be directly attributed to El Nino, some signals are indicative of its strength. Warm water in the Pacific is pushing moisture into the south-weste rn US, causing, for example, this winter's floods in Texas, according to Mr Art Douglas, chairman of the Creighton University's Atmospheric Sciences Dep artment. Along the Gulf of Mexico, from Texas to Florida, some areas have al ready had 200 per cent to 1,000 per cent of their normal rainfall. Temperatu res in that region are also beginning to dip below normal. At the same time the phenomenon is upsetting the Jet Stream, keeping extremely cold air far t o the north and moderating temperatures in the Midwest. The Midwest, America 's most important grain area, is seeing temperatures four or five degrees Fa hrenheit above normal, said Mr Jon Davis, the in-house meteorologist for She arson Lehman's commodities trading arm. The weather service predicts that mo re of the same will occur in those regions until spring and that the usually wet north-west is likely to be dryer, as is the Ohio valley. But what conce rns the grain trade more is what, if anything, will happen during the critic al planting and growing season for American crops from June to August. Unfor tunately, weather forecasting is not a precise science. Mr Kousky says that El Nino, usually a 12 to 18 month event, has another six to 12 months to run . But he points out that there is no consistent relationship between El Nino and the weather pattern beyond the winter-to-spring months. 'Anything can h appen,' he admits. Crop Cast, a Maryland-based weather forecasting service t hat is used by many US commodity trading houses, says that while El Nino has already affected South American soyabeans, South African maize and Australi an wheat, it is hoping to be able to predict potentially damaging crop effec ts in the US by looking at the coincidence of the El Nino with two other cli matological events, last year's eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Phillippin es and the combination of lunar and solar cycles. These additional factors a long with El Nino probably mean that a more extreme weather pattern bleeds o ver into summer, according to Mr Kevin Marcus, director of Crop Cast service s. He says the likelihood of extreme, hot and dry weather is 100 per cent, b ut gives only a one in three chance that this will have a significant impact on crops. The hot, dry weather would have to occur in July or early August to reduce the maize and soyabean crops significantly, that is by more than 1 0 per cent. But Mr Marcus is uncertain about how the three phenomena will in teract since there no established pattern. He is still waiting for more data on the severity of this year's El Nino. The phenomenon has prompted commodi ties markets to gyrate in the past. In 1972-73 the El Nino destroyed the Per uvian fishmeal catch, which then accounted for some 45 per cent of the world trade in protein feed. In 1982-83 it caused a drought in Africa, which help ed to send cocoa prices up by nearly 70 per cent over a period of about a ye ar. The Financial Times London Page 22 ============= Transaction # 30 ============================================== Transaction #: 30 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:32:33 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT921-10204 _AN-CBGA3ACSFT 920 207 FT 07 FEB 92 / Commodities and Agriculture: Keeping a weather-eye on a troublesome 'child' / A look at the crop problems posed b y the unpredictable El Nino climate phenomenon By BA RBARA DURR TO CALM anxious grain traders the Chicago Board of Trade will offer a seminar later this month on El Nino, the weather pheno menon that develops in the equatorial Pacific every three to five years and can cause global climate upsets. Grain traders are keen to know if they can expect this year's El Nino to disturb the US weather pattern sufficiently to make a dent in crop output. Although signs of El Nino had been accumulating during 1991, only last month did the the US National Weather Service finall y conclude publicly that the phenomenon was a fact. The symptoms had been sh owing themselves overseas since last spring - rising surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific, drought in the western Pacific rim from Au stralia through Indonesia, a weaker Indian monsoon, dryness in north-eastern Brazil, drought in South Africa and wetness last summer in the Great Basin of the US, which runs from Arizona north to Idaho. While many of these condi tions indicate that El Nino is occurring, they do not reveal its severity. T he phenomenon generally peaks in the northern hemisphere's winter. This help s explain why Peruvian fishermen dubbed the phenomenon El Nino, which means Christ child in Spanish. It arrived about Christmas time. Mr Vernon Kousky, a research meteorologist with the US weather service, now assesses the curre nt El Nino as 'moderate to strong'. While individual weather events cannot a lways be directly attributed to El Nino, some signals are indicative of its strength. Warm water in the Pacific is pushing moisture into the south-weste rn US, causing, for example, this winter's floods in Texas, according to Mr Art Douglas, chairman of the Creighton University's Atmospheric Sciences Dep artment. Along the Gulf of Mexico, from Texas to Florida, some areas have al ready had 200 per cent to 1,000 per cent of their normal rainfall. Temperatu res in that region are also beginning to dip below normal. At the same time the phenomenon is upsetting the Jet Stream, keeping extremely cold air far t o the north and moderating temperatures in the Midwest. The Midwest, America 's most important grain area, is seeing temperatures four or five degrees Fa hrenheit above normal, said Mr Jon Davis, the in-house meteorologist for She arson Lehman's commodities trading arm. The weather service predicts that mo re of the same will occur in those regions until spring and that the usually wet north-west is likely to be dryer, as is the Ohio valley. But what conce rns the grain trade more is what, if anything, will happen during the critic al planting and growing season for American crops from June to August. Unfor tunately, weather forecasting is not a precise science. Mr Kousky says that El Nino, usually a 12 to 18 month event, has another six to 12 months to run . But he points out that there is no consistent relationship between El Nino and the weather pattern beyond the winter-to-spring months. 'Anything can h appen,' he admits. Crop Cast, a Maryland-based weather forecasting service t hat is used by many US commodity trading houses, says that while El Nino has already affected South American soyabeans, South African maize and Australi an wheat, it is hoping to be able to predict potentially damaging crop effec ts in the US by looking at the coincidence of the El Nino with two other cli matological events, last year's eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Phillippin es and the combination of lunar and solar cycles. These additional factors a long with El Nino probably mean that a more extreme weather pattern bleeds o ver into summer, according to Mr Kevin Marcus, director of Crop Cast service s. He says the likelihood of extreme, hot and dry weather is 100 per cent, b ut gives only a one in three chance that this will have a significant impact on crops. The hot, dry weather would have to occur in July or early August to reduce the maize and soyabean crops significantly, that is by more than 1 0 per cent. But Mr Marcus is uncertain about how the three phenomena will in teract since there no established pattern. He is still waiting for more data on the severity of this year's El Nino. The phenomenon has prompted commodi ties markets to gyrate in the past. In 1972-73 the El Nino destroyed the Per uvian fishmeal catch, which then accounted for some 45 per cent of the world trade in protein feed. In 1982-83 it caused a drought in Africa, which help ed to send cocoa prices up by nearly 70 per cent over a period of about a ye ar. The Financial Times London Page 22 ============= Transaction # 31 ============================================== Transaction #: 31 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:32:46 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 32 ============================================== Transaction #: 32 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:33:09 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 33 ============================================== Transaction #: 33 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:33:31 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-14766 _AN-DDPB8AGDFT 930 416 FT 16 APR 93 / Commodities and Agriculture: Peru's f ishmeal industry set for bumper profits - Production survived last year's El Nino visitation to reach a fresh record By SALLY BO WEN THE PERUVIAN fishmeal industry is gearing up for a bona nza predicted to last for the next two to three years. By late 1992, the sar dine and anchovy that form the staple raw material for the industry were bac k in abundance after being temporarily affected by the appearance of the dre aded warm current known as 'El Nino', which last ravaged fishmeal output in 1983. Contrary to predictions, however, Peruvian production survived last ye ar's milder visitation and a late boost in fish stocks turned 1992 into yet another record year. Peru topped the world exporters' league with 1.37m tonn es, narrowly outstripping Chile's 1.21m tonnes. 'Statistically, the years af ter a Nino are excellent,' says Mr Espino of Imarpe, Peru's maritime institu te, which is charged with husbanding the resource and recommending periodic fishing bans. Mr Espino estimates that the Peruvian catch could be raised by a quarter or a third from the present 6m tonnes a year without detriment to the species. 'And if the fishmeal producers started going for jack mackerel - at present only about 80,000 tonnes a year are landed, perhaps 5 per cent of total stocks - then the sky's the limit,' he says. The main limitation o n such expansion is fleet capacity. Most Peruvian fishing boats are small, w ith no refrigeration and hug the coast. When El Nino hits, the fish move int o deeper waters farther out to sea where these boats cannot follow. Peruvian producers say they have invested more than Dollars 200m in the past two yea rs in fleet renovation and plant and equipment modernisation ashore. The ind ustry is moving towards production of higher-quality, low temperature, steam -dried meal with 'stickwater' plants to maximise protein recovery. New boats with refrigerated holds are under construction in local yards. But there's still plenty of room, and a warm welcome waiting, for new investment from ab road. Representatives from Chile's huge Angelini group have been in Peru rec ently on 'feeling-out' visits. And Venezuelan capital has already entered in the form of a new fishmeal joint venture under the name of Palangrera Perua na. But the big surprise of 1993 could be the arrival of the Chinese. Pesca Peru, the state-owned fishmeal and fishoil giant that produces around 40 per cent of all national output, is high on this year's privatisation list. Coo pers and Lybrand, with financing from the Canadian development agency and th e World Bank, is currently completing a valuation and will recommend on sale procedures. Essentially, the choice is between splitting the company into i ts 20 plants and four refineries to sell off individually; or selling the wh ole company as one unit. The only likely buyers on the latter basis would be the Chinese - 'and it's a possibility that has the private producers in a s tate of panic', says Mr Eric Topf, head of the Pesca Peru privatisation comm ittee. Unofficially, senior Pesca Peru officials say the company should fetc h 'at least Dollars 200m', a ball-park figure considered over-optimistic by private producers. The state-owned plants are, by and large, elderly and out dated - though several are excellently located on the now-desirable extreme southern coast and have their own quays. Drastic personnel reductions during 1992 put Pesca Peru back into profit after years in the red, underlining ju st how profitable producing fishmeal can be, even from scrap-yard plants. Ch ina has established itself as far and away Peru's largest customer, buying l ast year almost 60 per cent of all output. Peruvian fishmeal goes to feed th e Pacific prawn, turbot and eel which China is successfully exporting in qua ntity to the US and Japan. The Chinese are said to be producing at present s ome 32m tonnes of animal foodstuffs a year, in which they use 2 per cent fis hmeal - a very low percentage compared with most competitors. A high-level P eruvian delegation is now in China 'to try to convince them of the bounties of boosting that fishmeal component,' says Mr Salomon Manzur, Peruvian presi dent of the Fishmeal Exporters' Association. If the Chinese do increase the percentage of fishmeal in their current animal feedstuff production, Peruvia n producers will be assured of sales for their expanded fishmeal output for several years to come. ---------------------------------------------------- - FISHMEAL PRODUCTION ('000 TONNES) --------------------------------------- -------------- 1990 1991 1992 ------------------ ----------------------------------- Peruvian Pesca Peru 379 4 98 513 Private sector 755 782 853 Total 1,1 34 1,280 1,366 ----------------------------------------------------- Ch ilean 1,550 1,210 ----------------------------------- ------------------ Source: Peruvian National Fishing Society (SNP). ------- ---------------------------------------------- Countries:- PEZ Peru, South America. Industries:- P0919 Misc ellaneous Marine Products. Types:- MKTS Production. The Financial Times London Page 26 ============= Transaction # 34 ============================================== Transaction #: 34 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:33:39 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-14766 _AN-DDPB8AGDFT 930 416 FT 16 APR 93 / Commodities and Agriculture: Peru's f ishmeal industry set for bumper profits - Production survived last year's El Nino visitation to reach a fresh record By SALLY BO WEN THE PERUVIAN fishmeal industry is gearing up for a bona nza predicted to last for the next two to three years. By late 1992, the sar dine and anchovy that form the staple raw material for the industry were bac k in abundance after being temporarily affected by the appearance of the dre aded warm current known as 'El Nino', which last ravaged fishmeal output in 1983. Contrary to predictions, however, Peruvian production survived last ye ar's milder visitation and a late boost in fish stocks turned 1992 into yet another record year. Peru topped the world exporters' league with 1.37m tonn es, narrowly outstripping Chile's 1.21m tonnes. 'Statistically, the years af ter a Nino are excellent,' says Mr Espino of Imarpe, Peru's maritime institu te, which is charged with husbanding the resource and recommending periodic fishing bans. Mr Espino estimates that the Peruvian catch could be raised by a quarter or a third from the present 6m tonnes a year without detriment to the species. 'And if the fishmeal producers started going for jack mackerel - at present only about 80,000 tonnes a year are landed, perhaps 5 per cent of total stocks - then the sky's the limit,' he says. The main limitation o n such expansion is fleet capacity. Most Peruvian fishing boats are small, w ith no refrigeration and hug the coast. When El Nino hits, the fish move int o deeper waters farther out to sea where these boats cannot follow. Peruvian producers say they have invested more than Dollars 200m in the past two yea rs in fleet renovation and plant and equipment modernisation ashore. The ind ustry is moving towards production of higher-quality, low temperature, steam -dried meal with 'stickwater' plants to maximise protein recovery. New boats with refrigerated holds are under construction in local yards. But there's still plenty of room, and a warm welcome waiting, for new investment from ab road. Representatives from Chile's huge Angelini group have been in Peru rec ently on 'feeling-out' visits. And Venezuelan capital has already entered in the form of a new fishmeal joint venture under the name of Palangrera Perua na. But the big surprise of 1993 could be the arrival of the Chinese. Pesca Peru, the state-owned fishmeal and fishoil giant that produces around 40 per cent of all national output, is high on this year's privatisation list. Coo pers and Lybrand, with financing from the Canadian development agency and th e World Bank, is currently completing a valuation and will recommend on sale procedures. Essentially, the choice is between splitting the company into i ts 20 plants and four refineries to sell off individually; or selling the wh ole company as one unit. The only likely buyers on the latter basis would be the Chinese - 'and it's a possibility that has the private producers in a s tate of panic', says Mr Eric Topf, head of the Pesca Peru privatisation comm ittee. Unofficially, senior Pesca Peru officials say the company should fetc h 'at least Dollars 200m', a ball-park figure considered over-optimistic by private producers. The state-owned plants are, by and large, elderly and out dated - though several are excellently located on the now-desirable extreme southern coast and have their own quays. Drastic personnel reductions during 1992 put Pesca Peru back into profit after years in the red, underlining ju st how profitable producing fishmeal can be, even from scrap-yard plants. Ch ina has established itself as far and away Peru's largest customer, buying l ast year almost 60 per cent of all output. Peruvian fishmeal goes to feed th e Pacific prawn, turbot and eel which China is successfully exporting in qua ntity to the US and Japan. The Chinese are said to be producing at present s ome 32m tonnes of animal foodstuffs a year, in which they use 2 per cent fis hmeal - a very low percentage compared with most competitors. A high-level P eruvian delegation is now in China 'to try to convince them of the bounties of boosting that fishmeal component,' says Mr Salomon Manzur, Peruvian presi dent of the Fishmeal Exporters' Association. If the Chinese do increase the percentage of fishmeal in their current animal feedstuff production, Peruvia n producers will be assured of sales for their expanded fishmeal output for several years to come. ---------------------------------------------------- - FISHMEAL PRODUCTION ('000 TONNES) --------------------------------------- -------------- 1990 1991 1992 ------------------ ----------------------------------- Peruvian Pesca Peru 379 4 98 513 Private sector 755 782 853 Total 1,1 34 1,280 1,366 ----------------------------------------------------- Ch ilean 1,550 1,210 ----------------------------------- ------------------ Source: Peruvian National Fishing Society (SNP). ------- ---------------------------------------------- Countries:- PEZ Peru, South America. Industries:- P0919 Misc ellaneous Marine Products. Types:- MKTS Production. The Financial Times London Page 26 ============= Transaction # 35 ============================================== Transaction #: 35 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:33:43 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 36 ============================================== Transaction #: 36 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:33:47 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 40658 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 37 ============================================== Transaction #: 37 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:34:05 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 1 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 6 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino}) and (title {el nino})" ============= Transaction # 38 ============================================== Transaction #: 38 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:34:11 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 3 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 3 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 39 ============================================== Transaction #: 39 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:34:27 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino})" ============= Transaction # 40 ============================================== Transaction #: 40 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:34:33 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 40658 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 41 ============================================== Transaction #: 41 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:35:14 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 40658 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 42 ============================================== Transaction #: 42 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:35:30 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 6 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino}) and (topic {el nino})" ============= Transaction # 43 ============================================== Transaction #: 43 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:35:37 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 12 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 44 ============================================== Transaction #: 44 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:36:16 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino})" ============= Transaction # 45 ============================================== Transaction #: 45 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:36:22 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 40658 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 46 ============================================== Transaction #: 46 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:36:44 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 40658 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 47 ============================================== Transaction #: 47 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:37:15 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 5 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino}) and (topic {weather})" ============= Transaction # 48 ============================================== Transaction #: 48 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:37:23 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status -1} {Received 0} {Position 5} {Set Default} {NextPosition 5}} { Present failed: Record exceeds Maximum-record-size -- 0} ============= Transaction # 49 ============================================== Transaction #: 49 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:37:23 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 876 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 4 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 50 ============================================== Transaction #: 50 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:37:38 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 51 ============================================== Transaction #: 51 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:38:24 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 6 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {results of el nino}) and (topic {el nino})" ============= Transaction # 52 ============================================== Transaction #: 52 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:38:31 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 12 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 53 ============================================== Transaction #: 53 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:39:11 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 54 ============================================== Transaction #: 54 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:40:14 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 55 ============================================== Transaction #: 55 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:41:17 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {weather}) and (topic {el nino})" ============= Transaction # 56 ============================================== Transaction #: 56 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:41:19 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 8 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 57 ============================================== Transaction #: 57 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:42:38 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {weather el nino}) and (topic {effects})" ============= Transaction # 58 ============================================== Transaction #: 58 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:42:41 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 673 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 59 ============================================== Transaction #: 59 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:42:55 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 673 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 60 ============================================== Transaction #: 60 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:43:18 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {weather}) and (topic {el nino})" ============= Transaction # 61 ============================================== Transaction #: 61 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:43:19 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 8 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 62 ============================================== Transaction #: 62 Transaction Code: 27 (Saved Recs. Win. Exited) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:45:01 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 63 ============================================== Transaction #: 63 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:45:06 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 64 ============================================== Transaction #: 64 Transaction Code: 26 (Saved Recs. Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:45:08 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 65 ============================================== Transaction #: 65 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:45:10 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 66 ============================================== Transaction #: 66 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:46:04 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {territorial watersdispute})" ============= Transaction # 67 ============================================== Transaction #: 67 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:46:06 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 4476 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 68 ============================================== Transaction #: 68 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:46:10 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {territorial waters dispute})" ============= Transaction # 69 ============================================== Transaction #: 69 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:46:14 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 20525 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 70 ============================================== Transaction #: 70 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:46:50 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 11 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {territorial waters dispute}) and (topic {international con vention on the law of the sea})" ============= Transaction # 71 ============================================== Transaction #: 71 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:46:56 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 18 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 72 ============================================== Transaction #: 72 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:47:07 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 73 ============================================== Transaction #: 73 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 12:47:26 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 74 ============================================== Transaction #: 74 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:47:35 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 75 ============================================== Transaction #: 75 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:49:49 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-9398 _AN-EKPEKABFFT 9411 16 FT 16 NOV 94 / Law of the Sea promises many disputes By BRUCE CLARK, Diplomatic Correspondent < TEXT> The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which enters full force today, seems likely to be treated by coastal states as a rich source of legal and rhetorical arguments to be used against rivals. This is in spit e of the fact that the last thing the law's drafters wanted was to provide d isputatious countries with extra torpedoes. One of the law's ostensible purp oses is to encourage compromises over the exploitation of maritime resources , even among countries with unresolved disputes. Apart from a standoff in th e Aegean - where Turkey has threatened war if Greece extends its territorial waters to 12 miles - one of the most grave maritime disputes involves China and Vietnam, locked in a war of words over oil rights in the South China Se a. Both China and Vietnam claim to be acting in accordance with the Law of t he Sea but their interpretations of the document are miles apart. Over the l ast month, China has accused Vietnam of infringing its interests in internat ional waters by inviting US and European companies to explore for oil in the Tonkin Gulf. Vietnam has retorted that it is exercising its legitimate righ ts in the economic zone to which it is entitled by the UN convention. It sai d that under the terms of that treaty, there were no international waters in the Gulf. This dialogue of the deaf reflects confusion over the difference between territorial waters - which may be extended, under the UN Law, up to 12 miles -and the 'economic zone' which coastal states are entitled to clai m, amounting to either 200 miles or the full extent of their continental she lf, whichever is larger. China and Vietnam are also arguing over resources a round the Spratly Islands, a group of reefs and atolls whose other would-be owners are Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines. China has awarded a n exploration contract to the US company Crestone for an area south-west of the Spratlys, while Vietnam has awarded a consortium led by Mobil a bloc sli ghtly further to the west. Each state has denounced the other's contract. So vereignty over the Spratlys - and hence control of the surrounding economic zone - is crucial to each side's claim to energy rights, and the salience of this issue is expected to grow as the UN convention enters force. However a study by a London-based law firm, maintains that the law favours pragmatic joint exploitation accords, even among countries with unresolved disputes.* Laying out the common-sense arguments for such accords, it notes that oil de posits which straddle two states' economic zones cannot be exploited by one without damaging the other's interests. When one state drills, oil from the rival state's zone is liable to flow across the boundary line as a result. A rticle 83 of the UN convention says that pending final agreement on zones, c ountries should 'make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature'. As an example of such a deal, the study cites the 1989 accord between Australia and Indonesia over waters south of Timor. However, such accords are not a panacea. Portugal - still seen by the UN as legal ad ministrator of East Timor - has challenged Australia's right to enter the ac cord, before the International Court of Justice. The entry into force of the UN Law comes a year after its ratification by the minimum of 60 states. Ano ther breakthrough came this summer when provisions on deep-sea mining - outs ide the zones of any country - were amended so as to convince the US, the UK and Germany to sign. *Paper by Charles Robson of Lovell White Durrant, 65 H olborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2DY Countries:- CNZ Chin a, Asia. VNZ Vietnam, Asia. XAZ World. Industries:- P9721 International Affairs. Types:- NEWS Gener al News. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 76 ============================================== Transaction #: 76 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:49:52 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-9398 _AN-EKPEKABFFT 9411 16 FT 16 NOV 94 / Law of the Sea promises many disputes By BRUCE CLARK, Diplomatic Correspondent < TEXT> The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which enters full force today, seems likely to be treated by coastal states as a rich source of legal and rhetorical arguments to be used against rivals. This is in spit e of the fact that the last thing the law's drafters wanted was to provide d isputatious countries with extra torpedoes. One of the law's ostensible purp oses is to encourage compromises over the exploitation of maritime resources , even among countries with unresolved disputes. Apart from a standoff in th e Aegean - where Turkey has threatened war if Greece extends its territorial waters to 12 miles - one of the most grave maritime disputes involves China and Vietnam, locked in a war of words over oil rights in the South China Se a. Both China and Vietnam claim to be acting in accordance with the Law of t he Sea but their interpretations of the document are miles apart. Over the l ast month, China has accused Vietnam of infringing its interests in internat ional waters by inviting US and European companies to explore for oil in the Tonkin Gulf. Vietnam has retorted that it is exercising its legitimate righ ts in the economic zone to which it is entitled by the UN convention. It sai d that under the terms of that treaty, there were no international waters in the Gulf. This dialogue of the deaf reflects confusion over the difference between territorial waters - which may be extended, under the UN Law, up to 12 miles -and the 'economic zone' which coastal states are entitled to clai m, amounting to either 200 miles or the full extent of their continental she lf, whichever is larger. China and Vietnam are also arguing over resources a round the Spratly Islands, a group of reefs and atolls whose other would-be owners are Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines. China has awarded a n exploration contract to the US company Crestone for an area south-west of the Spratlys, while Vietnam has awarded a consortium led by Mobil a bloc sli ghtly further to the west. Each state has denounced the other's contract. So vereignty over the Spratlys - and hence control of the surrounding economic zone - is crucial to each side's claim to energy rights, and the salience of this issue is expected to grow as the UN convention enters force. However a study by a London-based law firm, maintains that the law favours pragmatic joint exploitation accords, even among countries with unresolved disputes.* Laying out the common-sense arguments for such accords, it notes that oil de posits which straddle two states' economic zones cannot be exploited by one without damaging the other's interests. When one state drills, oil from the rival state's zone is liable to flow across the boundary line as a result. A rticle 83 of the UN convention says that pending final agreement on zones, c ountries should 'make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature'. As an example of such a deal, the study cites the 1989 accord between Australia and Indonesia over waters south of Timor. However, such accords are not a panacea. Portugal - still seen by the UN as legal ad ministrator of East Timor - has challenged Australia's right to enter the ac cord, before the International Court of Justice. The entry into force of the UN Law comes a year after its ratification by the minimum of 60 states. Ano ther breakthrough came this summer when provisions on deep-sea mining - outs ide the zones of any country - were amended so as to convince the US, the UK and Germany to sign. *Paper by Charles Robson of Lovell White Durrant, 65 H olborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2DY Countries:- CNZ Chin a, Asia. VNZ Vietnam, Asia. XAZ World. Industries:- P9721 International Affairs. Types:- NEWS Gener al News. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 77 ============================================== Transaction #: 77 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:50:20 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-8618 _AN-EHPE7AESFT 9408 16 FT 16 AUG 94 / Commodities and Agriculture: Conferenc e seeks accord on high seas fishing By ALISON MAITLA ND Fishing nations are being urged to sink their difference s and agree an international treaty governing catches on the high seas in an attempt to halt serious over-fishing. Over the next two weeks, a United Nat ions conference in New York will seek common ground between coastal states, whose territorial waters contain 80 per cent of the world's fish, and distan t-water fishing nations such as Japan, Spain and Russia, which have large fl eets operating on the high seas. Tensions between these two groups have rise n as stocks of valuable species such as cod have dwindled. The UN Food and A griculture Organisation says the global fishing fleet increased at twice the rate of the world marine catch between 1970 and 1990, compounded by governm ent subsidies worth some Dollars 54bn a year to fishing fleets. Stock losses have led some countries to halt or reduce fishing effort - Iceland has cut back domestic fishing by 50 per cent. The problem is exacerbated by unregula ted fishing fleets flying flags of convenience and subject to no country's r ules. Canada, one of the coastal states most concerned about the impact of h igh seas fishing on the catch in its territorial waters, seized a foreign fi shing vessel outside its waters last April, saying the crew were 'modern day pirates stealing Canada's cod and keeping 30,000 Canadian fishers out of wo rk'. There is not yet any overall international regulation of the world's hi gh seas fisheries - those beyond coastal states' 200-mile exclusive economic zones - although multinational agreements exist in certain regions. The Nor th West Atlantic Fisheries Organisation, for example, is supposed to cover h igh seas stocks off Canada. The UN conference was initiated by the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and started work last year to try to close these gaps in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This month's meeting is scheduled to be the final session. Fish do not obey artificial geographical limits an d the 'highly migratory and straddling' stocks covered by the conference are those species found within two or more states' territorial waters or the ad jacent high seas. Cod off eastern Canada and pollack in the Bering Sea, for example, straddle several countries' waters, while species such as tuna and swordfish migrate over huge distances. Coastal states want a dominant role i n regulating fishing for these species, whereas the long-distance fishing na tions are seeking international regulation. Mr Satya Nandan, the Fijian chai rman of the conference, has drawn up principles for a treaty, including prov ision for enforcement, compulsory and binding settlement of disputes, and ac ceptance of scientific evidence on the state of fish stocks as the basis of the agreement. Some participating nations believe conflicting interests make agreement on an all-embracing treaty unlikely. They suggest, however, that one important loophole - Panama's issue of flags of convenience - may be clo sed if a convention can be drawn up stating that countries may issue flags a nd fishing rights only for their own territorial waters. 'It appears Panama would agree to co-operate,' said an official from a European Union member st ate. In exchange, Panama would be offered tariff concessions on fish exports to the EU. Countries:- USZ United States of America . CAZ Canada. Industries:- P09 Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 24 ============= Transaction # 78 ============================================== Transaction #: 78 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:50:24 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-8618 _AN-EHPE7AESFT 9408 16 FT 16 AUG 94 / Commodities and Agriculture: Conferenc e seeks accord on high seas fishing By ALISON MAITLA ND Fishing nations are being urged to sink their difference s and agree an international treaty governing catches on the high seas in an attempt to halt serious over-fishing. Over the next two weeks, a United Nat ions conference in New York will seek common ground between coastal states, whose territorial waters contain 80 per cent of the world's fish, and distan t-water fishing nations such as Japan, Spain and Russia, which have large fl eets operating on the high seas. Tensions between these two groups have rise n as stocks of valuable species such as cod have dwindled. The UN Food and A griculture Organisation says the global fishing fleet increased at twice the rate of the world marine catch between 1970 and 1990, compounded by governm ent subsidies worth some Dollars 54bn a year to fishing fleets. Stock losses have led some countries to halt or reduce fishing effort - Iceland has cut back domestic fishing by 50 per cent. The problem is exacerbated by unregula ted fishing fleets flying flags of convenience and subject to no country's r ules. Canada, one of the coastal states most concerned about the impact of h igh seas fishing on the catch in its territorial waters, seized a foreign fi shing vessel outside its waters last April, saying the crew were 'modern day pirates stealing Canada's cod and keeping 30,000 Canadian fishers out of wo rk'. There is not yet any overall international regulation of the world's hi gh seas fisheries - those beyond coastal states' 200-mile exclusive economic zones - although multinational agreements exist in certain regions. The Nor th West Atlantic Fisheries Organisation, for example, is supposed to cover h igh seas stocks off Canada. The UN conference was initiated by the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and started work last year to try to close these gaps in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This month's meeting is scheduled to be the final session. Fish do not obey artificial geographical limits an d the 'highly migratory and straddling' stocks covered by the conference are those species found within two or more states' territorial waters or the ad jacent high seas. Cod off eastern Canada and pollack in the Bering Sea, for example, straddle several countries' waters, while species such as tuna and swordfish migrate over huge distances. Coastal states want a dominant role i n regulating fishing for these species, whereas the long-distance fishing na tions are seeking international regulation. Mr Satya Nandan, the Fijian chai rman of the conference, has drawn up principles for a treaty, including prov ision for enforcement, compulsory and binding settlement of disputes, and ac ceptance of scientific evidence on the state of fish stocks as the basis of the agreement. Some participating nations believe conflicting interests make agreement on an all-embracing treaty unlikely. They suggest, however, that one important loophole - Panama's issue of flags of convenience - may be clo sed if a convention can be drawn up stating that countries may issue flags a nd fishing rights only for their own territorial waters. 'It appears Panama would agree to co-operate,' said an official from a European Union member st ate. In exchange, Panama would be offered tariff concessions on fish exports to the EU. Countries:- USZ United States of America . CAZ Canada. Industries:- P09 Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 24 ============= Transaction # 79 ============================================== Transaction #: 79 Transaction Code: 38 (Record Deselected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:51:48 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-9398 _AN-EKPEKABFFT 9411 16 FT 16 NOV 94 / Law of the Sea promises many disputes By BRUCE CLARK, Diplomatic Correspondent < TEXT> The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which enters full force today, seems likely to be treated by coastal states as a rich source of legal and rhetorical arguments to be used against rivals. This is in spit e of the fact that the last thing the law's drafters wanted was to provide d isputatious countries with extra torpedoes. One of the law's ostensible purp oses is to encourage compromises over the exploitation of maritime resources , even among countries with unresolved disputes. Apart from a standoff in th e Aegean - where Turkey has threatened war if Greece extends its territorial waters to 12 miles - one of the most grave maritime disputes involves China and Vietnam, locked in a war of words over oil rights in the South China Se a. Both China and Vietnam claim to be acting in accordance with the Law of t he Sea but their interpretations of the document are miles apart. Over the l ast month, China has accused Vietnam of infringing its interests in internat ional waters by inviting US and European companies to explore for oil in the Tonkin Gulf. Vietnam has retorted that it is exercising its legitimate righ ts in the economic zone to which it is entitled by the UN convention. It sai d that under the terms of that treaty, there were no international waters in the Gulf. This dialogue of the deaf reflects confusion over the difference between territorial waters - which may be extended, under the UN Law, up to 12 miles -and the 'economic zone' which coastal states are entitled to clai m, amounting to either 200 miles or the full extent of their continental she lf, whichever is larger. China and Vietnam are also arguing over resources a round the Spratly Islands, a group of reefs and atolls whose other would-be owners are Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines. China has awarded a n exploration contract to the US company Crestone for an area south-west of the Spratlys, while Vietnam has awarded a consortium led by Mobil a bloc sli ghtly further to the west. Each state has denounced the other's contract. So vereignty over the Spratlys - and hence control of the surrounding economic zone - is crucial to each side's claim to energy rights, and the salience of this issue is expected to grow as the UN convention enters force. However a study by a London-based law firm, maintains that the law favours pragmatic joint exploitation accords, even among countries with unresolved disputes.* Laying out the common-sense arguments for such accords, it notes that oil de posits which straddle two states' economic zones cannot be exploited by one without damaging the other's interests. When one state drills, oil from the rival state's zone is liable to flow across the boundary line as a result. A rticle 83 of the UN convention says that pending final agreement on zones, c ountries should 'make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature'. As an example of such a deal, the study cites the 1989 accord between Australia and Indonesia over waters south of Timor. However, such accords are not a panacea. Portugal - still seen by the UN as legal ad ministrator of East Timor - has challenged Australia's right to enter the ac cord, before the International Court of Justice. The entry into force of the UN Law comes a year after its ratification by the minimum of 60 states. Ano ther breakthrough came this summer when provisions on deep-sea mining - outs ide the zones of any country - were amended so as to convince the US, the UK and Germany to sign. *Paper by Charles Robson of Lovell White Durrant, 65 H olborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2DY Countries:- CNZ Chin a, Asia. VNZ Vietnam, Asia. XAZ World. Industries:- P9721 International Affairs. Types:- NEWS Gener al News. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 80 ============================================== Transaction #: 80 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:51:49 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-9398 _AN-EKPEKABFFT 9411 16 FT 16 NOV 94 / Law of the Sea promises many disputes By BRUCE CLARK, Diplomatic Correspondent < TEXT> The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which enters full force today, seems likely to be treated by coastal states as a rich source of legal and rhetorical arguments to be used against rivals. This is in spit e of the fact that the last thing the law's drafters wanted was to provide d isputatious countries with extra torpedoes. One of the law's ostensible purp oses is to encourage compromises over the exploitation of maritime resources , even among countries with unresolved disputes. Apart from a standoff in th e Aegean - where Turkey has threatened war if Greece extends its territorial waters to 12 miles - one of the most grave maritime disputes involves China and Vietnam, locked in a war of words over oil rights in the South China Se a. Both China and Vietnam claim to be acting in accordance with the Law of t he Sea but their interpretations of the document are miles apart. Over the l ast month, China has accused Vietnam of infringing its interests in internat ional waters by inviting US and European companies to explore for oil in the Tonkin Gulf. Vietnam has retorted that it is exercising its legitimate righ ts in the economic zone to which it is entitled by the UN convention. It sai d that under the terms of that treaty, there were no international waters in the Gulf. This dialogue of the deaf reflects confusion over the difference between territorial waters - which may be extended, under the UN Law, up to 12 miles -and the 'economic zone' which coastal states are entitled to clai m, amounting to either 200 miles or the full extent of their continental she lf, whichever is larger. China and Vietnam are also arguing over resources a round the Spratly Islands, a group of reefs and atolls whose other would-be owners are Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and the Philippines. China has awarded a n exploration contract to the US company Crestone for an area south-west of the Spratlys, while Vietnam has awarded a consortium led by Mobil a bloc sli ghtly further to the west. Each state has denounced the other's contract. So vereignty over the Spratlys - and hence control of the surrounding economic zone - is crucial to each side's claim to energy rights, and the salience of this issue is expected to grow as the UN convention enters force. However a study by a London-based law firm, maintains that the law favours pragmatic joint exploitation accords, even among countries with unresolved disputes.* Laying out the common-sense arguments for such accords, it notes that oil de posits which straddle two states' economic zones cannot be exploited by one without damaging the other's interests. When one state drills, oil from the rival state's zone is liable to flow across the boundary line as a result. A rticle 83 of the UN convention says that pending final agreement on zones, c ountries should 'make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature'. As an example of such a deal, the study cites the 1989 accord between Australia and Indonesia over waters south of Timor. However, such accords are not a panacea. Portugal - still seen by the UN as legal ad ministrator of East Timor - has challenged Australia's right to enter the ac cord, before the International Court of Justice. The entry into force of the UN Law comes a year after its ratification by the minimum of 60 states. Ano ther breakthrough came this summer when provisions on deep-sea mining - outs ide the zones of any country - were amended so as to convince the US, the UK and Germany to sign. *Paper by Charles Robson of Lovell White Durrant, 65 H olborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2DY Countries:- CNZ Chin a, Asia. VNZ Vietnam, Asia. XAZ World. Industries:- P9721 International Affairs. Types:- NEWS Gener al News. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 81 ============================================== Transaction #: 81 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 12:51:53 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:3,2 ============= Transaction # 82 ============================================== Transaction #: 82 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:52:59 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 209637 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 83 ============================================== Transaction #: 83 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:53:19 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 84 ============================================== Transaction #: 84 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:55:05 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-6371 _AN-EH3EIAA9FT 9408 30 FT 30 AUG 94 / Fleets fight in over-fished waters: Fi shing disputes have risen up the diplomatic agenda. FT reporters examine the conflicts worldwide By BRONWEN MADDOX NEW YORK Ten Taiwanese fishing vessels impound ed by Indonesia, British fishing nets slashed in the Bay of Biscay, Japanese fishermen shot at by a Russian gunboat, and an Icelandic trawler and Norweg ian coastguard vessel exchanging fire - in the past month, fish have been pr ompting diplomatic incidents and this shows no sign of ending soon. Fears ar e growing that over-fishing is depleting even the most abundant species, whi le governments have so far failed to agree on ways to halt disputes. Canada, which has suffered some of the sharpest recent declines in its fish stocks, told a United Nations conference this month in New York that the oceans wer e 'in crisis'. However the conference, attended by more than 90 governments, ended on Friday night without consensus on how to conserve the seas' resour ces. Nearly 30 separate conflicts have flared in the past year over rights t o fishing. The catalyst for the disputes is that the amounts of fish caught appear to be declining in the past few years, following four decades of expl osive expansion. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, catc hes have risen more than fourfold from 1950 to a peak of more than 90m tonne s in 1989. But although precise figures are hard to establish, there are sig ns that worldwide catch levels have since dropped by several per cent. That halting of the industry's expansion, many fear, reflects the growing scarcit y of many types of fish. Environmental groups paint a vision of the oceans i n the next century as a desert. Western countries may see staples of the kit chen cupboard such as tuna become expensive delicacies, they warn. Asian and African governments are also becoming alarmed: fish accounts for between a fifth and a third of the animal-derived protein in their countries' diets, U N figures suggest, compared to only several per cent of those in Western cou ntries. Scarcity of some species has forced fishermen and consumers to turn to new types of fish. According to Greenpeace, while catch levels rose by a third during the 1980s, almost all of that rise came from just five species: Alaskan pollack, Chilean jack mackerel, Peruvian anchovies, and Japanese an d South American pilchards. The huge increase in the catch of fish since the 1950s has been driven partly by new technology. Fishing fleets home in on s chools of fish using sonar and radar. Winches and motors to haul drift nets, which can contain more than 40,000 pounds of fish, have become more powerfu l, while nets have become longer, with the inclusion of nylon fibres which r educe tearing. Nets now frequently have mouths tens of metres wide, and can stretch for hundreds of metres. But environmentalists also attribute some of the increase in catch levels to the changes in international fishing regula tions more than a decade ago. The 1982 Law of the Sea pushed the boundaries of national waters outwards from 12 miles offshore to 200 miles. The new rul es, which brought more than three quarters of the world's fish within nation al waters, was followed by a doubling of the size of the world's fishing fle ets, according to the UNFAO. Overcapacity - the total number of vessels is e stimated at some three million - has pushed many parts of the industry into loss. According to the UNFAO, fishing fleets spent some Dollars 92bn in 1989 . Revenue figures are hard to establish with precision, but UN figures and i ndustry analysts suggest that they amounted only to some Dollars 70bn. Much of the shortfall is plugged by billions of pounds in government subsidies. E uropean Union countries alone spend nearly Dollars 600m a year, according to UN estimates. Countries fear that if they surrender national fishing rights they could lose tens of thousands of jobs. There is no shortage of examples to fuel their anxiety. At least 20,000 people working in the traditional co d fisheries of Newfoundland have been put out of work since the Canadian gov ernment banned fishing in 1992 in an attempt to boost depleted stocks. The g overnment has since paid more than CDollars 1bn (Pounds 400m) to support the se communities. The bitterest international rows in the past year have focus ed on 'migrating' fish such as tuna and swordfish which travel thousands of kilometres through the high seas to feed and spawn. The past year's disputes have also including rights to 'straddling' fish such as cod, herring and so me types of squid, which migrate between coastal and international waters. M r Satya Nandan, Fiji ambassador to the UN and chairman of the conference, sa id last week that the required backing of two-thirds of the delegates should be achievable as 'the overwhelming majority want a binding solution'. Gover nments meet again in six months time. If the frequency of conflicts stays at its present level, they will have every incentive to overcome those differe nces. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Troubled waters: fishing disputes, clashes, poaching and piracy over the past year -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 1. US / China: Former threatens latter with possible t rade sanctions over failure to bring fishermen into line with United Na tions driftnet ban 2. Alaska: US fishermen set up blockade in support of demands for greater compensation following poor pink-salmon seasons due to the Exxon Valdez oil-spill disaster 3. Ecuador: Conflicts wit hin national industry between commercial operations and traditional sma ll-scale fishing 4. Caribbean: Poaching by the region's local industry and illegal fishing by Japan, Russia, Taiwan, US and Venezuela 5. Patago nian Shelf: Illegal fishing by Taiwanese and South Koreans. Argentinian gunboat sinks Taiwanese vessel after hot pursuit 6. South Georgia: Illega l fishing by Russians and Chileans in 200- mile zone 7. US / France: Former accuses later of refusing to honour international agreements to conserve bluefin tuna 8. Flamish Cap / Grandbanks: Canada arrests the Kris tina Logos, with Portugese crew sailing under Panamanian flag, for fish ing banned sizes of flounder, cod, plaice and redfish 9. ICCAT area: Stock depletion from over-fishing by ICCAT members and from illegal fis hing by non-parties to ICCAT, the international agreement to protect At lantic tuna stocks 10. Senegal: Local industry protests that it is threaten ed by illegal fishing by European Union vessels 11. Ireland: Irish acc use Spain of illegal fishing in European Union conservation zone 12. B ay of Biscay: British, French and Spanish fishermen in dispute, sometim es violently, over methods used to catch tuna 13. Channel Islands / Isles o f Scilly: Disputes between British and French lead to French trawlers' being excluded from rich lobster and other shellfish grounds 14. Scotl and: Fishermen attack Russian trawler, destroying Pounds 250,000-worth of cod 15. Smutthulet area: Iceland and Norway in dispute over Artic rights in this so-called Escape Hole region outside control of Norway an d Russia 16. BIOT area: Japanese longliner caught fishing illegally in Brit ish Indian Ocean Territory 17. Kerala: Traditional small-scale fishing under threat from area's emerging industrialised operations 18. Bay o f Bengal: Pirate attacks on shrimp trawlers 19. Straits of Malacca: Malaysi a confiscates illegal surimi trawlers 20. China / Vietnam: Long-standing di spute over rights exacerbated by Vietnamese arrests of Chinese vessels. Each accuses the other of illegal fishing 21. Indonesia / Taiwan: 10 Taiwanese boats with 100 crew detained for allegedly fishing with impro per licenses 22. China / Taiwan: Poaching and piracy by both. Reports of vi olent clashes leading to injuries and sometimes deaths 23. Peanut Hole : Russia fires at Japanese vessels for encroaching into its Exclusive E conomic Zone 24. New Zealand: Dispute with foreign fleets over bluefin stoc ks, especially over Japanese fishing 25. Chatham Rise: New Zealand pro tests against illegal fishing, especially off Chatham Rise. Also seizes Ukranian and Russian vessels in hoki fishery 26. North Pacific: Six N orth Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission vessels sighted driftnetting il legally 27. Bering Sea: Poaching by non-parties to international agreements . South Korea and Taiwan criticised 28. Donut Hole: Russia accuses US of illegal fishing in Bering Sea. China, Japan and South Korea also rep ortedly involved in illegal operations ------------------------------- -------------------------------------- Countries:- US Z United States of America. Industries:- P091 Commerc ial Fishing. P9641 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing. Type s:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 4 ============= Transaction # 85 ============================================== Transaction #: 85 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:55:08 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-6371 _AN-EH3EIAA9FT 9408 30 FT 30 AUG 94 / Fleets fight in over-fished waters: Fi shing disputes have risen up the diplomatic agenda. FT reporters examine the conflicts worldwide By BRONWEN MADDOX NEW YORK Ten Taiwanese fishing vessels impound ed by Indonesia, British fishing nets slashed in the Bay of Biscay, Japanese fishermen shot at by a Russian gunboat, and an Icelandic trawler and Norweg ian coastguard vessel exchanging fire - in the past month, fish have been pr ompting diplomatic incidents and this shows no sign of ending soon. Fears ar e growing that over-fishing is depleting even the most abundant species, whi le governments have so far failed to agree on ways to halt disputes. Canada, which has suffered some of the sharpest recent declines in its fish stocks, told a United Nations conference this month in New York that the oceans wer e 'in crisis'. However the conference, attended by more than 90 governments, ended on Friday night without consensus on how to conserve the seas' resour ces. Nearly 30 separate conflicts have flared in the past year over rights t o fishing. The catalyst for the disputes is that the amounts of fish caught appear to be declining in the past few years, following four decades of expl osive expansion. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, catc hes have risen more than fourfold from 1950 to a peak of more than 90m tonne s in 1989. But although precise figures are hard to establish, there are sig ns that worldwide catch levels have since dropped by several per cent. That halting of the industry's expansion, many fear, reflects the growing scarcit y of many types of fish. Environmental groups paint a vision of the oceans i n the next century as a desert. Western countries may see staples of the kit chen cupboard such as tuna become expensive delicacies, they warn. Asian and African governments are also becoming alarmed: fish accounts for between a fifth and a third of the animal-derived protein in their countries' diets, U N figures suggest, compared to only several per cent of those in Western cou ntries. Scarcity of some species has forced fishermen and consumers to turn to new types of fish. According to Greenpeace, while catch levels rose by a third during the 1980s, almost all of that rise came from just five species: Alaskan pollack, Chilean jack mackerel, Peruvian anchovies, and Japanese an d South American pilchards. The huge increase in the catch of fish since the 1950s has been driven partly by new technology. Fishing fleets home in on s chools of fish using sonar and radar. Winches and motors to haul drift nets, which can contain more than 40,000 pounds of fish, have become more powerfu l, while nets have become longer, with the inclusion of nylon fibres which r educe tearing. Nets now frequently have mouths tens of metres wide, and can stretch for hundreds of metres. But environmentalists also attribute some of the increase in catch levels to the changes in international fishing regula tions more than a decade ago. The 1982 Law of the Sea pushed the boundaries of national waters outwards from 12 miles offshore to 200 miles. The new rul es, which brought more than three quarters of the world's fish within nation al waters, was followed by a doubling of the size of the world's fishing fle ets, according to the UNFAO. Overcapacity - the total number of vessels is e stimated at some three million - has pushed many parts of the industry into loss. According to the UNFAO, fishing fleets spent some Dollars 92bn in 1989 . Revenue figures are hard to establish with precision, but UN figures and i ndustry analysts suggest that they amounted only to some Dollars 70bn. Much of the shortfall is plugged by billions of pounds in government subsidies. E uropean Union countries alone spend nearly Dollars 600m a year, according to UN estimates. Countries fear that if they surrender national fishing rights they could lose tens of thousands of jobs. There is no shortage of examples to fuel their anxiety. At least 20,000 people working in the traditional co d fisheries of Newfoundland have been put out of work since the Canadian gov ernment banned fishing in 1992 in an attempt to boost depleted stocks. The g overnment has since paid more than CDollars 1bn (Pounds 400m) to support the se communities. The bitterest international rows in the past year have focus ed on 'migrating' fish such as tuna and swordfish which travel thousands of kilometres through the high seas to feed and spawn. The past year's disputes have also including rights to 'straddling' fish such as cod, herring and so me types of squid, which migrate between coastal and international waters. M r Satya Nandan, Fiji ambassador to the UN and chairman of the conference, sa id last week that the required backing of two-thirds of the delegates should be achievable as 'the overwhelming majority want a binding solution'. Gover nments meet again in six months time. If the frequency of conflicts stays at its present level, they will have every incentive to overcome those differe nces. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Troubled waters: fishing disputes, clashes, poaching and piracy over the past year -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 1. US / China: Former threatens latter with possible t rade sanctions over failure to bring fishermen into line with United Na tions driftnet ban 2. Alaska: US fishermen set up blockade in support of demands for greater compensation following poor pink-salmon seasons due to the Exxon Valdez oil-spill disaster 3. Ecuador: Conflicts wit hin national industry between commercial operations and traditional sma ll-scale fishing 4. Caribbean: Poaching by the region's local industry and illegal fishing by Japan, Russia, Taiwan, US and Venezuela 5. Patago nian Shelf: Illegal fishing by Taiwanese and South Koreans. Argentinian gunboat sinks Taiwanese vessel after hot pursuit 6. South Georgia: Illega l fishing by Russians and Chileans in 200- mile zone 7. US / France: Former accuses later of refusing to honour international agreements to conserve bluefin tuna 8. Flamish Cap / Grandbanks: Canada arrests the Kris tina Logos, with Portugese crew sailing under Panamanian flag, for fish ing banned sizes of flounder, cod, plaice and redfish 9. ICCAT area: Stock depletion from over-fishing by ICCAT members and from illegal fis hing by non-parties to ICCAT, the international agreement to protect At lantic tuna stocks 10. Senegal: Local industry protests that it is threaten ed by illegal fishing by European Union vessels 11. Ireland: Irish acc use Spain of illegal fishing in European Union conservation zone 12. B ay of Biscay: British, French and Spanish fishermen in dispute, sometim es violently, over methods used to catch tuna 13. Channel Islands / Isles o f Scilly: Disputes between British and French lead to French trawlers' being excluded from rich lobster and other shellfish grounds 14. Scotl and: Fishermen attack Russian trawler, destroying Pounds 250,000-worth of cod 15. Smutthulet area: Iceland and Norway in dispute over Artic rights in this so-called Escape Hole region outside control of Norway an d Russia 16. BIOT area: Japanese longliner caught fishing illegally in Brit ish Indian Ocean Territory 17. Kerala: Traditional small-scale fishing under threat from area's emerging industrialised operations 18. Bay o f Bengal: Pirate attacks on shrimp trawlers 19. Straits of Malacca: Malaysi a confiscates illegal surimi trawlers 20. China / Vietnam: Long-standing di spute over rights exacerbated by Vietnamese arrests of Chinese vessels. Each accuses the other of illegal fishing 21. Indonesia / Taiwan: 10 Taiwanese boats with 100 crew detained for allegedly fishing with impro per licenses 22. China / Taiwan: Poaching and piracy by both. Reports of vi olent clashes leading to injuries and sometimes deaths 23. Peanut Hole : Russia fires at Japanese vessels for encroaching into its Exclusive E conomic Zone 24. New Zealand: Dispute with foreign fleets over bluefin stoc ks, especially over Japanese fishing 25. Chatham Rise: New Zealand pro tests against illegal fishing, especially off Chatham Rise. Also seizes Ukranian and Russian vessels in hoki fishery 26. North Pacific: Six N orth Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission vessels sighted driftnetting il legally 27. Bering Sea: Poaching by non-parties to international agreements . South Korea and Taiwan criticised 28. Donut Hole: Russia accuses US of illegal fishing in Bering Sea. China, Japan and South Korea also rep ortedly involved in illegal operations ------------------------------- -------------------------------------- Countries:- US Z United States of America. Industries:- P091 Commerc ial Fishing. P9641 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing. Type s:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 4 ============= Transaction # 86 ============================================== Transaction #: 86 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:58:43 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 209637 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 87 ============================================== Transaction #: 87 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 12:59:52 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 88 ============================================== Transaction #: 88 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:01:12 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic {human smuggling})" ============= Transaction # 89 ============================================== Transaction #: 89 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:01:15 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 44 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 90 ============================================== Transaction #: 90 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:02:14 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal border crossing})" ============= Transaction # 91 ============================================== Transaction #: 91 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:02:17 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 10159 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 92 ============================================== Transaction #: 92 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:02:39 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens})" ============= Transaction # 93 ============================================== Transaction #: 93 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:02:42 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 3526 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 94 ============================================== Transaction #: 94 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:03:14 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens}) and (topic {smuggling})" ============= Transaction # 95 ============================================== Transaction #: 95 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:03:16 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 108 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 96 ============================================== Transaction #: 96 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:03:47 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens}) and (topic {border})" ============= Transaction # 97 ============================================== Transaction #: 97 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:03:49 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status -1} {Received 0} {Position 1} {Set Default} {NextPosition 1}} { Present failed: Record exceeds Maximum-record-size -- 0} ============= Transaction # 98 ============================================== Transaction #: 98 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:03:49 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 275 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 99 ============================================== Transaction #: 99 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:03:52 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens}) and (topic {border})" ============= Transaction # 100 ============================================== Transaction #: 100 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:03:55 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status -1} {Received 0} {Position 1} {Set Default} {NextPosition 1}} { Present failed: Record exceeds Maximum-record-size -- 0} ============= Transaction # 101 ============================================== Transaction #: 101 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:03:55 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 275 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 102 ============================================== Transaction #: 102 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:04:11 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens}) and (topic {human smuggling})" ============= Transaction # 103 ============================================== Transaction #: 103 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:04:13 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 15 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 104 ============================================== Transaction #: 104 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:05:32 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 105 ============================================== Transaction #: 105 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:06:08 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 106 ============================================== Transaction #: 106 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:06:42 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-9196 _AN-DBPBVAAXFT 9302 16 FT 16 FEB 93 / Germans call for aid in curbing illega l migrants By NICHOLAS DENTON BUDAPEST INTERIOR ministers from east and west Europe g athering in Budapest yesterday for a conference on migration were immediatel y pressed by Germany to help curb the influx of illegal immigrants. Germany is urging east European countries to take back nationals resident elsewhere without permission, and speed migrants' return to their country of origin. A lso high on the agenda is a proposal to co-ordinate action on international 'human smuggling' groups. The Germans want 'non-front-line' western countrie s to share the burden of financial aid towards strengthening eastern Europe' s immigration controls. The conference coincides with German efforts to tigh ten the country's liberal asylum rules. Germany's proposed constitutional am endment would allow authorities to turn back claimants for refugee status if they arrive from 'safe' neighbouring east European countries. Poland and th e Czech Republic are determined not to become a cordon sanitaire for seekers of asylum in Germany. Bonn's efforts have an added urgency because of conti nuing racist attacks against foreigners. But EC countries less affected by i mmigration from eastern Europe are grudging in their solidarity. UK official s said yesterday that, while backing recommendations on exchange of informat ion, they did not wish to see new measures, describing as unrealistic ideas about financial aid. Countries:- XJZ West Europe. XLZ East Europe. Industries:- P9721 International Af fairs. Types:- GOVT Government News. The Fi nancial Times London Page 3 ============= Transaction # 107 ============================================== Transaction #: 107 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:06:45 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-9196 _AN-DBPBVAAXFT 9302 16 FT 16 FEB 93 / Germans call for aid in curbing illega l migrants By NICHOLAS DENTON BUDAPEST INTERIOR ministers from east and west Europe g athering in Budapest yesterday for a conference on migration were immediatel y pressed by Germany to help curb the influx of illegal immigrants. Germany is urging east European countries to take back nationals resident elsewhere without permission, and speed migrants' return to their country of origin. A lso high on the agenda is a proposal to co-ordinate action on international 'human smuggling' groups. The Germans want 'non-front-line' western countrie s to share the burden of financial aid towards strengthening eastern Europe' s immigration controls. The conference coincides with German efforts to tigh ten the country's liberal asylum rules. Germany's proposed constitutional am endment would allow authorities to turn back claimants for refugee status if they arrive from 'safe' neighbouring east European countries. Poland and th e Czech Republic are determined not to become a cordon sanitaire for seekers of asylum in Germany. Bonn's efforts have an added urgency because of conti nuing racist attacks against foreigners. But EC countries less affected by i mmigration from eastern Europe are grudging in their solidarity. UK official s said yesterday that, while backing recommendations on exchange of informat ion, they did not wish to see new measures, describing as unrealistic ideas about financial aid. Countries:- XJZ West Europe. XLZ East Europe. Industries:- P9721 International Af fairs. Types:- GOVT Government News. The Fi nancial Times London Page 3 ============= Transaction # 108 ============================================== Transaction #: 108 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:07:11 Selec. Rec. #: 11 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-4966 _AN-DFGB7AA3FT 9306 07 FT 07 JUN 93 / Eight die as freighter runs aground By NIKKI TAIT NEW YORK AT LEAST eight people died early yesterday morning after a freig hter, believed to be carrying hundreds of illegal Chinese immigrants, ran ag round close to Rockaway beaches in the Queens borough of New York City. The grounding of the freighter, the Golden Venture, happened shortly after 2am y esterday. More than 100 Chinese passengers plunged into the chilly waters, a nd swam about half a mile to the shore. According to emergency rescue worker s, who reached the scene shortly afterwards, four passengers were known to h ave died on the beach, and another two in hospital later. Two bodies were al so washed ashore. By late afternoon officials said that they had accounted f or about 300 people. Many of those who swam ashore were said to be suffering from exposure or hypothermia, and about 20 had been taken to hospital. Ther e were also growing fears that tuberculosis may have been prevalent on the v essel. Initial pictures released by the US Coast Guard of the freighter's in terior suggested that conditions had been extremely cramped and squalid. How ever, officials still lacked a firm indication of the number of people who h ad been aboard the ship. Interpreters who were called to the scene said that some passengers claimed to have been aboard the freighter for more than 100 days. They also reported that it made a number of stops in China before cro ssing the ocean. This fuelled rumours that the ship was operated by an Asian 'human smuggling' ring, which had charged passengers Dollars 20,000-Dollars 30,000 for the journey. Mr William Slattery, New York district director for immigration and naturalisation, said the immigrants were mostly Chinese fro m Fukien province. The 11 crew members were still being questioned by the US authorities last night, while their passengers were placed in the custody o f the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service. All are understood to have asked for political asylum. The vessel itself remained stranded on a sand-ba nk. However, the local Coast Guard reported that it was up against a 'rock j etty', and expressed concern that an oil spill might develop. The ship was c arrying about five tons of diesel fuel. Illegal Chinese immigration has been on the rise in New York City, but this is believed to be the first time a v essel carrying such a large number of passengers has disgorged its load on t he city's shoreline. Countries:- USZ United States o f America. Industries:- P99 Nonclassifiable Establish ments. Types:- NEWS General News. The Finan cial Times London Page 5 ============= Transaction # 109 ============================================== Transaction #: 109 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:07:16 Selec. Rec. #: 11 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-4966 _AN-DFGB7AA3FT 9306 07 FT 07 JUN 93 / Eight die as freighter runs aground By NIKKI TAIT NEW YORK AT LEAST eight people died early yesterday morning after a freig hter, believed to be carrying hundreds of illegal Chinese immigrants, ran ag round close to Rockaway beaches in the Queens borough of New York City. The grounding of the freighter, the Golden Venture, happened shortly after 2am y esterday. More than 100 Chinese passengers plunged into the chilly waters, a nd swam about half a mile to the shore. According to emergency rescue worker s, who reached the scene shortly afterwards, four passengers were known to h ave died on the beach, and another two in hospital later. Two bodies were al so washed ashore. By late afternoon officials said that they had accounted f or about 300 people. Many of those who swam ashore were said to be suffering from exposure or hypothermia, and about 20 had been taken to hospital. Ther e were also growing fears that tuberculosis may have been prevalent on the v essel. Initial pictures released by the US Coast Guard of the freighter's in terior suggested that conditions had been extremely cramped and squalid. How ever, officials still lacked a firm indication of the number of people who h ad been aboard the ship. Interpreters who were called to the scene said that some passengers claimed to have been aboard the freighter for more than 100 days. They also reported that it made a number of stops in China before cro ssing the ocean. This fuelled rumours that the ship was operated by an Asian 'human smuggling' ring, which had charged passengers Dollars 20,000-Dollars 30,000 for the journey. Mr William Slattery, New York district director for immigration and naturalisation, said the immigrants were mostly Chinese fro m Fukien province. The 11 crew members were still being questioned by the US authorities last night, while their passengers were placed in the custody o f the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service. All are understood to have asked for political asylum. The vessel itself remained stranded on a sand-ba nk. However, the local Coast Guard reported that it was up against a 'rock j etty', and expressed concern that an oil spill might develop. The ship was c arrying about five tons of diesel fuel. Illegal Chinese immigration has been on the rise in New York City, but this is believed to be the first time a v essel carrying such a large number of passengers has disgorged its load on t he city's shoreline. Countries:- USZ United States o f America. Industries:- P99 Nonclassifiable Establish ments. Types:- NEWS General News. The Finan cial Times London Page 5 ============= Transaction # 110 ============================================== Transaction #: 110 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:07:33 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 15 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 3 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 111 ============================================== Transaction #: 111 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:08:09 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 112 ============================================== Transaction #: 112 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:08:25 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 113 ============================================== Transaction #: 113 Transaction Code: 38 (Record Deselected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:08:29 Selec. Rec. #: 11 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-4966 _AN-DFGB7AA3FT 9306 07 FT 07 JUN 93 / Eight die as freighter runs aground By NIKKI TAIT NEW YORK AT LEAST eight people died early yesterday morning after a freig hter, believed to be carrying hundreds of illegal Chinese immigrants, ran ag round close to Rockaway beaches in the Queens borough of New York City. The grounding of the freighter, the Golden Venture, happened shortly after 2am y esterday. More than 100 Chinese passengers plunged into the chilly waters, a nd swam about half a mile to the shore. According to emergency rescue worker s, who reached the scene shortly afterwards, four passengers were known to h ave died on the beach, and another two in hospital later. Two bodies were al so washed ashore. By late afternoon officials said that they had accounted f or about 300 people. Many of those who swam ashore were said to be suffering from exposure or hypothermia, and about 20 had been taken to hospital. Ther e were also growing fears that tuberculosis may have been prevalent on the v essel. Initial pictures released by the US Coast Guard of the freighter's in terior suggested that conditions had been extremely cramped and squalid. How ever, officials still lacked a firm indication of the number of people who h ad been aboard the ship. Interpreters who were called to the scene said that some passengers claimed to have been aboard the freighter for more than 100 days. They also reported that it made a number of stops in China before cro ssing the ocean. This fuelled rumours that the ship was operated by an Asian 'human smuggling' ring, which had charged passengers Dollars 20,000-Dollars 30,000 for the journey. Mr William Slattery, New York district director for immigration and naturalisation, said the immigrants were mostly Chinese fro m Fukien province. The 11 crew members were still being questioned by the US authorities last night, while their passengers were placed in the custody o f the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service. All are understood to have asked for political asylum. The vessel itself remained stranded on a sand-ba nk. However, the local Coast Guard reported that it was up against a 'rock j etty', and expressed concern that an oil spill might develop. The ship was c arrying about five tons of diesel fuel. Illegal Chinese immigration has been on the rise in New York City, but this is believed to be the first time a v essel carrying such a large number of passengers has disgorged its load on t he city's shoreline. Countries:- USZ United States o f America. Industries:- P99 Nonclassifiable Establish ments. Types:- NEWS General News. The Finan cial Times London Page 5 ============= Transaction # 114 ============================================== Transaction #: 114 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:08:34 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-4965 _AN-DFGB7AA4FT 9306 07 FT 07 JUN 93 / US fears flood of China's new slaves: California's latest immigration problem By LOUISE KE HOE and TONY WALKER IMMIGRATION officials in California fea r that thousands of illegal Chinese emigrants may be on board ships headed f or the west coast of the US, following the apprehension of about 500 Chinese landing along the coast over the past two weeks. Two trawlers, each carryin g a human cargo of about 150 Chinese immigrants packed into the holds, were seized earlier this week as they landed at fishing harbours near Monterey an d San Francisco. The coastal vessels are believed to have picked up their pa ssengers five days earlier from off-shore 'mother ships' which crossed the P acific. Last month, in an even more brazen attempt to smuggle people into th e US, the Pai Sheng, a Chinese freighter, sailed under the Golden Gate Bridg e right into San Francisco Bay to drop off about 270 passengers at a disused city pier. Most were detained after a chase by police and immigration agent s through city parks and streets. These incidents are further evidence of wh at US authorities say is a large-scale smuggling operation with suspected li nks to Asian organised crime rings in the US and Hong Kong. The immigrants, most of them men in their 20s, pay fees of between Dollars 20,000 (Pounds 13 ,000) and Dollars 40,000 for their passage to the US, according to investiga tors. They scrape together about Dollars 1,000, typically borrowed from rela tives, to board the ships, and are then indebted for the balance of their 'f are'. Most of the illegal immigrants set off from the coastal Chinese provin ces of Fujian and Guangdong. Many, however, come from China's hinterland whe re people feel they are being left behind by the economic boom in more prosp erous areas of the country. A widening economic gap between country and city is contributing to the desperation of many young Chinese. Although they com e to the US seeking jobs and economic prosperity, the immigrants instead bec ome slaves to their smugglers and many resort to crime to pay off their debt s, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 'They are selling their souls. What are these people going to do to pay off the smugglers? ' asks R ichard Held, a FBI Special Agent in San Francisco. 'Does that mean moving he roin or cocaine? That is a distinct possibility.' The recent influx has rais ed suspicions in the US of complicity by the Chinese government in the human trafficking. But in Beijing officials deny 'turning a blind eye' to illegal emigration. 'The Chinese government has all along been opposed to illegal e migration and has adopted a series of measures to stop it,' said Mr Wu Jianm in, the Chinese foreign ministry spokesman. Mr Wu insisted that Chinese secu rity organisations had 'intensified their efforts' to stop illegal organisat ions trafficking in immigrants. However, some of the immigrants landing in S an Francisco this week spoke of paying additional fees to bribe Chinese gove rnment officials to let them leave the country, according to US investigator s. With millions of dollars being extorted from the passengers of the Chines e smuggling ships, it seems unlikely that the practice will end soon. So far this year, the US Coast Guard has detained over 1,600 illegal Chinese immig rants, more than twice the number in 1992. The rising numbers could, however , reflect a change of route, rather than a growing volume of illegal immigra nts. US investigators speculate that the smugglers are now cutting out 'midd le men' in other countries and attempting to maximise their profits by landi ng their passengers directly on US shores. Chinese officials charge that the willingness of some countries (including the US) to grant 'political asylum ' to Chinese emigrants is encouraging human smuggling. Indeed, US immigratio n lawyers representing some of the passengers of the Pai Sheng say that they will seek asylum and note that the judicial process may take as long as 10 years, giving their clients time to seek legal US residency. Co untries:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- < /XX> P9721 International Affairs. Types:- NEWS Gen eral News. The Financial Times London Page 5 ============= Transaction # 115 ============================================== Transaction #: 115 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:08:37 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-4965 _AN-DFGB7AA4FT 9306 07 FT 07 JUN 93 / US fears flood of China's new slaves: California's latest immigration problem By LOUISE KE HOE and TONY WALKER IMMIGRATION officials in California fea r that thousands of illegal Chinese emigrants may be on board ships headed f or the west coast of the US, following the apprehension of about 500 Chinese landing along the coast over the past two weeks. Two trawlers, each carryin g a human cargo of about 150 Chinese immigrants packed into the holds, were seized earlier this week as they landed at fishing harbours near Monterey an d San Francisco. The coastal vessels are believed to have picked up their pa ssengers five days earlier from off-shore 'mother ships' which crossed the P acific. Last month, in an even more brazen attempt to smuggle people into th e US, the Pai Sheng, a Chinese freighter, sailed under the Golden Gate Bridg e right into San Francisco Bay to drop off about 270 passengers at a disused city pier. Most were detained after a chase by police and immigration agent s through city parks and streets. These incidents are further evidence of wh at US authorities say is a large-scale smuggling operation with suspected li nks to Asian organised crime rings in the US and Hong Kong. The immigrants, most of them men in their 20s, pay fees of between Dollars 20,000 (Pounds 13 ,000) and Dollars 40,000 for their passage to the US, according to investiga tors. They scrape together about Dollars 1,000, typically borrowed from rela tives, to board the ships, and are then indebted for the balance of their 'f are'. Most of the illegal immigrants set off from the coastal Chinese provin ces of Fujian and Guangdong. Many, however, come from China's hinterland whe re people feel they are being left behind by the economic boom in more prosp erous areas of the country. A widening economic gap between country and city is contributing to the desperation of many young Chinese. Although they com e to the US seeking jobs and economic prosperity, the immigrants instead bec ome slaves to their smugglers and many resort to crime to pay off their debt s, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 'They are selling their souls. What are these people going to do to pay off the smugglers? ' asks R ichard Held, a FBI Special Agent in San Francisco. 'Does that mean moving he roin or cocaine? That is a distinct possibility.' The recent influx has rais ed suspicions in the US of complicity by the Chinese government in the human trafficking. But in Beijing officials deny 'turning a blind eye' to illegal emigration. 'The Chinese government has all along been opposed to illegal e migration and has adopted a series of measures to stop it,' said Mr Wu Jianm in, the Chinese foreign ministry spokesman. Mr Wu insisted that Chinese secu rity organisations had 'intensified their efforts' to stop illegal organisat ions trafficking in immigrants. However, some of the immigrants landing in S an Francisco this week spoke of paying additional fees to bribe Chinese gove rnment officials to let them leave the country, according to US investigator s. With millions of dollars being extorted from the passengers of the Chines e smuggling ships, it seems unlikely that the practice will end soon. So far this year, the US Coast Guard has detained over 1,600 illegal Chinese immig rants, more than twice the number in 1992. The rising numbers could, however , reflect a change of route, rather than a growing volume of illegal immigra nts. US investigators speculate that the smugglers are now cutting out 'midd le men' in other countries and attempting to maximise their profits by landi ng their passengers directly on US shores. Chinese officials charge that the willingness of some countries (including the US) to grant 'political asylum ' to Chinese emigrants is encouraging human smuggling. Indeed, US immigratio n lawyers representing some of the passengers of the Pai Sheng say that they will seek asylum and note that the judicial process may take as long as 10 years, giving their clients time to seek legal US residency. Co untries:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- < /XX> P9721 International Affairs. Types:- NEWS Gen eral News. The Financial Times London Page 5 ============= Transaction # 116 ============================================== Transaction #: 116 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:08:47 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:10,1 ============================================================================= SYSTEM ERROR -- System crashed and was restarted ============================================================================= ============= Transaction # 1 ============================================== Transaction #: 1 Transaction Code: 0 (New Host Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:11:07 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 2 ============================================== Transaction #: 2 Transaction Code: 35 (New Host Connected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:11:08 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 3 ============================================== Transaction #: 3 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:12:03 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens}) and (topic {human smuggling})" ============= Transaction # 4 ============================================== Transaction #: 4 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:12:05 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 15 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 5 ============================================== Transaction #: 5 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:12:11 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-9196 _AN-DBPBVAAXFT 9302 16 FT 16 FEB 93 / Germans call for aid in curbing illega l migrants By NICHOLAS DENTON BUDAPEST INTERIOR ministers from east and west Europe g athering in Budapest yesterday for a conference on migration were immediatel y pressed by Germany to help curb the influx of illegal immigrants. Germany is urging east European countries to take back nationals resident elsewhere without permission, and speed migrants' return to their country of origin. A lso high on the agenda is a proposal to co-ordinate action on international 'human smuggling' groups. The Germans want 'non-front-line' western countrie s to share the burden of financial aid towards strengthening eastern Europe' s immigration controls. The conference coincides with German efforts to tigh ten the country's liberal asylum rules. Germany's proposed constitutional am endment would allow authorities to turn back claimants for refugee status if they arrive from 'safe' neighbouring east European countries. Poland and th e Czech Republic are determined not to become a cordon sanitaire for seekers of asylum in Germany. Bonn's efforts have an added urgency because of conti nuing racist attacks against foreigners. But EC countries less affected by i mmigration from eastern Europe are grudging in their solidarity. UK official s said yesterday that, while backing recommendations on exchange of informat ion, they did not wish to see new measures, describing as unrealistic ideas about financial aid. Countries:- XJZ West Europe. XLZ East Europe. Industries:- P9721 International Af fairs. Types:- GOVT Government News. The Fi nancial Times London Page 3 ============= Transaction # 6 ============================================== Transaction #: 6 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:12:16 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:10 ============= Transaction # 7 ============================================== Transaction #: 7 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:12:52 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 205241 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 8 ============================================== Transaction #: 8 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:12:58 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 9 ============================================== Transaction #: 9 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:14:20 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 205241 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 10 ============================================== Transaction #: 10 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:14:36 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 4 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {illegal aliens}) and (topic {human smuggling})" ============= Transaction # 11 ============================================== Transaction #: 11 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:14:38 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 15 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 12 ============================================== Transaction #: 12 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:14:41 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 13 ============================================== Transaction #: 13 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:14:48 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 15 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 3 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 14 ============================================== Transaction #: 14 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:14:53 Selec. Rec. #: 14 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-16709 _AN-EGCADAEGFT 940 702 FT 02 JUL 94 / Travel: Myth and reality of the Rio G rande - Nicholas Woodsworth hangs out on the US-Mexican border < BYLINE> By NICHOLAS WOODSWORTH Boca Chica. In my imagina tion the Rio Grande has always loomed large and wide, a substantial expressi on of the frontier and all that is heroically American. But what is true of the country's favourite sweet and sticky soft-drink is also true of the rive r - the real thing is never as impressive as the myth that surrounds it. Her e, at its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico, more than 1,500 miles from its source , the Rio Grande is no mighty river. Shallow, muddy and sluggish, it is bare ly more than 15 yards across. Standing on its crumbling banks, I felt deceiv ed. Life on the border is not quite the old west romance you might think. It is, in fact, far more more curious and compelling than that. On the other s ide, a line of rusty pick-up trucks was parked on the beach and a dozen cowb oy-hatted Mexicans were spending a sunny Saturday morning fishing. Seagulls screamed overhead and excited Latin rhythms floated on the mild winter air f rom truck radios. On the beach, one of the Mexicans threw a metal grill over a fire of broken fruit crates. Another, all whiskers and paunch, stripped t o his bright green boxer shorts. Wading gingerly into the river, he began ca sting a circular throw-net for the whiting that come to the river's mouth at low tide. His casting was interrupted by the approach of a small motor boat from up-river. It cut cross-stream and nosed into the Mexican shore. A woma n climbed out of one of the trucks, hopped into the boat, and in 30 seconds was ferried to the American side. Jumping into a waiting vehicle, she disapp eared down the flat sand beach towards the main road and the city of Brownsv ille, half-an-hour away. 'Just one more Dollars 50-a-week cleaning lady,' sa id Jesse, the young Chicano I had been chatting to, as he cast a baited hook into the stream. 'No work papers, no resident's card, no minimum wage.' Jes se has no such worries. Hispanic by blood but American by birth, he is of tw o minds about the country across the river. He is a product of la frontera, and tied to the strongly-flavoured, hybrid border culture that has grown up along the Rio Grande. He is as 'Tex-Mex' as tacos and enchiladas, or as Radi o Caliente, the local station which serves rapid-fire bilingual chit-chat an d conjunto, the Anglo-Hispanic accordion music of the border. But Mexico its elf appeals little: Jesse knows that if Mexicans are willing to take up expl oited, illegal lives in the US for Dollars 50 a week, it is because life at home is harder still. Did he himself often cross the border to Matamoros, I asked? 'Not much. Liquor is cheaper there. But there's too much hustling - s tolen cars, hookers, drugs, phoney documents, smuggling, scams of all kinds. There are some real bad guys over there. Last time they took my money.' Who were 'they', I asked. Street toughs? No, he said, laughing. The police. For most, life on the border is rarely fair or easy. Matamoros. An air of shabb iness, poverty, and impermanence hangs over the Rio Grande, especially here in the seamy bars and billiard halls, the dog tracks and strip joints, the p awn shops and gun stores. On both sides of the border you will find people a nd services providing for and exploiting human need. Americans cross the bor der in search of exoticism and surreptitious pleasures. Most Mexicans seem h appy to find rough survival on the other side. Essentially, this is no man's land. Trust and familiarity are foreign here - shop windows are grilled, fe nces abound, 'No Loitering' signs hang in parking lots and gas stations. Few outsiders linger along the underbelly of the US. Most feel a strong sense o f place here, but little sense of belonging. If the border belongs to anyone , it is to the anonymous transients who stream over it. The international cr ossing points over the Rio Grande are a travel bargain. Where else on earth can you pay 25 cents and in seconds walk from a society of high-tech mass-co nsumption to third world neglect and deprivation? It is along the Rio Grande that the techtonic plates of the north-south divide run edge to edge. But i n spite of the cracked pavements, the cheap blankets and tourist trinkets, t he sleazy come-ons to buy marijuana or half-an-hour with a young girl, there is something refreshing about Mexican towns on the Rio Grande. They have a heart. On the US side, community life has largely disappeared from downtown pavements. If it exists anywhere, it is in freeway shopping malls and fast f ood places out on the urban peripheries - there are times when America's sou l seems approachable only by car. Mexican life, though, is immediately acces sible. In Matamoros there were mobile vendors and shoe-shine boys, blind mus icians and sellers of lottery tickets, squeezers of fruit juice and pavement grillers of skewered lamb. There were crowded markets and city squares grac ed by orange trees and bandstands of ornate wrought iron work. Whole familie s promenaded, entire armies of men chatted the day away. Shopping malls may be more efficient, but I will take the streets of Matamoros any day. The low er Rio Grande Valley. I spent a morning in a trailer park with Barbara and A rchie Dick. If they make the only decent cup of tea in the whole valley, it is because they have not forgotten their native Glasgow. They had driven dow n from the frozen wastes of Ontario, where they now live, for some winter su nshine. But was it really worth it, I wondered? Not long ago the valley's we alth came largely from the market gardens and fruit orchards, sugar cane and cotton fields worked and harvested by Chicano and Mexican immigrant labour. These days, it is the fast-growing retirement industry that fills the roads ide fields the length of the lower valley. I do not begrudge retired people their place in the sun, their health and leisure centres, their golf carts a nd woodworking classes, their social evenings that have turned the valley in to the square-dancing capital of the world. But I did have difficulties with their 80,000 'RVs' - recreational vehicles -and the more than 500 monstrou s 'RV parks' that blot the landscape here. RVs - great blocks of lumbering, wheeled real estate that permit the transfer of ghastly suburbs from one par t of the country to the other - may one day take over the US. When I left th e valley to follow the river up to Big Bend, I counted a convoy of eight 55- ft monsters from Quebec pulling out behind me, a lost tribe seeking its dest iny in the desert. Laredo. Saturday night in downtown Laredo, on the US side of the border, is deader than it ever was when this was a dung-spattered fr ontier town. I spent the early evening at my motel off Interstate 35 drinkin g beer with a crowd of over-nighting truck-drivers. We sat out in the parkin g lot in front of a plastic garbage can filled with ice and bottles of Bud, and told dirty jokes. I have long known that truck drivers are the folk hero es of modern America. Now I am trying to figure out why. Nuevo Laredo. Where do all the hip cowboys in Laredo head on a Saturday night? Answer: Nuevo La redo on the other side of the Rio Grande. Near the clubs on Plaza San Miguel , the pavements were jammed and noisy. By midnight there was car gridlock do wntown, and the line to get into the OK Tijuana discotheque stretched round the corner. There were no signs of the usual Rio Grande poverty in the OK Ti juana, none of its striking contrasts. Like the Americans in the place, the Mexicans were all young, good-looking, well-dressed and well-off. What is mo re, the two groups were hardly distinguishable. The Mexican city has a sizea ble middle-class, and its US sister-city a mixed Anglo-Hispanic population. Big Bend. Nancy Kerrigan, the Bobbitts, California earthquakes, Elvis Presle y, the Cowboys vs the Bills - you can twiddle the car radio knob late at nig ht and catch all of America's madness as the striped lines fly by, but in Bi g Bend country none of it will touch you. Big Bend - a big bend in the Rio G rande - is what is left of the unspoilt frontier. It is a huge, remote, larg ely uninhabited tract in the Chihuahua desert, and breathtaking in its beaut y. For US tourists, who still believe strongly in the idea of the frontier, its national park is a sanctuary protected from everything but tourism itsel f. But even wagon trains of RVs lose themselves in this vast space, and I fo und a serene stretch of riverbank. On the other side, the little Mexican vil lage of Santa Elena slumbered in the winter sunshine. There were no bridges or border posts or hustlers here, just a rowboat and a ferryman sitting on t he far bank beside a burro. The ferryman dozed, the burro dozed, and I, too, settled quietly to an afternoon of dreaming. Here, at least, the river was as wide and deep and peaceful as it has always been in my imagination. Countries:- USZ United States of America. MXZ Mexico . Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page XIV ============= Transaction # 15 ============================================== Transaction #: 15 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:14:59 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 16 ============================================== Transaction #: 16 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:16:19 Selec. Rec. #: 7 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-5376 _AN-DFDB5AAZFT 9306 04 FT 04 JUN 93 / China to act on illegal emigrants By AP THE US Coast Guard intercepted tw o boats trying to smuggle 270 Chinese into California yesterday, coinciding with a Chinese government statement that it had stepped up efforts to halt i llegal emigration, AP reports. 'The public security departments have stepped up efforts to track down the criminal groups organising human smuggling and patrols at sea,' a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman said. Since January a uthorities on both sides of the Pacific have intercepted boats carrying abou t 2,500 Chinese, each of whom had paid or promised smugglers Dollars 20,000- Dollars 30,000 (Pounds 13,000-Pounds 19,500) to get them into the US illegal ly. Many others are entering overland from Mexico or arriving at airports wi th false documents. Countries:- USZ United States of America. CNZ China, Asia. Industries:- P9721 Inte rnational Affairs. Types:- NEWS General News.

The Financial Times London Page 4 ============= Transaction # 17 ============================================== Transaction #: 17 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:16:26 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 18 ============================================== Transaction #: 18 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:16:30 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 19 ============================================== Transaction #: 19 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:17:54 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {chunnel}) and (topic {economic impact})" ============= Transaction # 20 ============================================== Transaction #: 20 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:17:55 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 1 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 1 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 21 ============================================== Transaction #: 21 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:18:21 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 1 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {economy}) and (title {chunnel})" ============= Transaction # 22 ============================================== Transaction #: 22 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:18:27 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status 1} {Hits 0} {Received 0} {Set Default}} {No matching records fo und} ============= Transaction # 23 ============================================== Transaction #: 23 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:18:57 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {chunnel}) and (topic {british economy})" ============= Transaction # 24 ============================================== Transaction #: 24 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: 13:18:59 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 1 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 1 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 25 ============================================== Transaction #: 25 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:19:17 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 26 ============================================== Transaction #: 26 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:19:48 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-6596 _AN-CHYBZAEKFT 9208 22 FT 22 AUG 92 / Hawks & Handsaws: Jobs for the boys By MICHAEL THOMPSON-NOEL I PASSED a b uilding site recently. There is not much building work in London at present, given that construction is one of the 97,500 UK industries to have received a pitiless booting from John Major, Norman Lamont, and their masters at the Treasury. But this site was active. A man was at work: probably late 20s, y obbo-jeaned, forehead invisible, knuckles dangling, the Sun in his pocket, l eering at passing women. He was working amid fumes and a blaze of sparks, do ing something to a girder. He was drowning in sweat. I started to feel sorry for him, until I remembered that I have stopped feeling sorry for Sun reade rs. I was transfixed, instead, by the thought that there were no imaginable circumstances in which I would be capable of doing what he was doing unless forced into it as a prisoner of war. We were virtually different species. Ou r paths had diverged. But it has given me an idea. For those of us who were at our desks this week and not basting ourselves in Fiji, the most cheering news was the proposition by Teresa Gorman, Billericay's Conservative MP, tha t for every UK business that went bankrupt from now on, the government shoul d sack a civil servant at the Treasury - starting with the permanent secreta ry. The Gorman plan won immediate support, in The Times, from macho pundit A natole Kaletsky, whose blow-torching of the Treasury and its do-nothing smug ness has been one of the summer's highlights for those who read good newspap ers. It must be terrible to be torched by Kaletsky. The Gorman plan, he wrot e, should be put into effect immediately, with just one amendment to make it fair. 'The mandarins should be given until Christmas to produce a clear eco nomic recovery. If they failed, the first ritual sacking, of Sir Terence Bur ns, the present permanent secretary, would be set for New Year's Day.' This could transform government policy overnight. While Lamont and Major deserved part of the blame for the length and depth of the recession, 'the greater c ulprits have been the Treasury officials who have been telling them how to a ct, speak and think at each step of the economy's long decline. The doctrine of ministerial responsibility, far from ensuring a democratically accountab le government, has long been a shield to hide the incompetence of the top ci vil servants who make most of the government's decisions.' The Gorman-Kalets ky plan would undoubtedly work, but it would succeed more speedily with an a dditional refinement - if the mandarins knew in advance what fate awaited th em after January 1. Sacking is not enough. They would retreat to their Dorse t or Tuscan properties, spend their time pottering, swim in lazy pools, sit among their roses, read Petronius and Seneca - and thumb their noses at us f rom the comfort of retirement. Instead, they must be punished. If the Britis h economy is ever to recover, the mandarins must know what lies in store if they fail to gird their loins and get things moving. They must be put out to real work. We will start with Sir Terence on January 1. We won't just sack him. We will send him to live in Catford, give him a pair of jeans, some siz e 13 boots, make him read the Sun, watch Eldorado, ride on public transport, work on a building site, out in all weathers, cope with sparks and fumes, l earn what a girder is - a dog's life for Terry. We will see how he likes a t aste of his own medicine. From New Year's Day - I promise - we will hear les s and less rubbish from the Treasury ventriloquists and their dummies: no ga in without pain, unemployment a price worth paying, vital not to throw the b aby out, credibility all important, things safe with us, old man, we know wh at we're doing. That should provide us with a memorable January 1. On Januar y 2 we will sack the second highest Treasury mandarin. I do not know his nam e. That is the point. Mandarins are furtive, creatures of the shadows, never brought to book. Which is what we would be changing. We would appoint the s econd Treasury mandarin to the post of chief council tax collector in the bo rough of Brent. January 3: rat-catching in the Chunnel. January 3 is followe d by January 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 an d so on. Of course it would work. By February we would be humming; by March, in fine heart; by April, ruling Europe. The Financial Times London Page XVI ============= Transaction # 27 ============================================== Transaction #: 27 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:19:50 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-6596 _AN-CHYBZAEKFT 9208 22 FT 22 AUG 92 / Hawks & Handsaws: Jobs for the boys By MICHAEL THOMPSON-NOEL I PASSED a b uilding site recently. There is not much building work in London at present, given that construction is one of the 97,500 UK industries to have received a pitiless booting from John Major, Norman Lamont, and their masters at the Treasury. But this site was active. A man was at work: probably late 20s, y obbo-jeaned, forehead invisible, knuckles dangling, the Sun in his pocket, l eering at passing women. He was working amid fumes and a blaze of sparks, do ing something to a girder. He was drowning in sweat. I started to feel sorry for him, until I remembered that I have stopped feeling sorry for Sun reade rs. I was transfixed, instead, by the thought that there were no imaginable circumstances in which I would be capable of doing what he was doing unless forced into it as a prisoner of war. We were virtually different species. Ou r paths had diverged. But it has given me an idea. For those of us who were at our desks this week and not basting ourselves in Fiji, the most cheering news was the proposition by Teresa Gorman, Billericay's Conservative MP, tha t for every UK business that went bankrupt from now on, the government shoul d sack a civil servant at the Treasury - starting with the permanent secreta ry. The Gorman plan won immediate support, in The Times, from macho pundit A natole Kaletsky, whose blow-torching of the Treasury and its do-nothing smug ness has been one of the summer's highlights for those who read good newspap ers. It must be terrible to be torched by Kaletsky. The Gorman plan, he wrot e, should be put into effect immediately, with just one amendment to make it fair. 'The mandarins should be given until Christmas to produce a clear eco nomic recovery. If they failed, the first ritual sacking, of Sir Terence Bur ns, the present permanent secretary, would be set for New Year's Day.' This could transform government policy overnight. While Lamont and Major deserved part of the blame for the length and depth of the recession, 'the greater c ulprits have been the Treasury officials who have been telling them how to a ct, speak and think at each step of the economy's long decline. The doctrine of ministerial responsibility, far from ensuring a democratically accountab le government, has long been a shield to hide the incompetence of the top ci vil servants who make most of the government's decisions.' The Gorman-Kalets ky plan would undoubtedly work, but it would succeed more speedily with an a dditional refinement - if the mandarins knew in advance what fate awaited th em after January 1. Sacking is not enough. They would retreat to their Dorse t or Tuscan properties, spend their time pottering, swim in lazy pools, sit among their roses, read Petronius and Seneca - and thumb their noses at us f rom the comfort of retirement. Instead, they must be punished. If the Britis h economy is ever to recover, the mandarins must know what lies in store if they fail to gird their loins and get things moving. They must be put out to real work. We will start with Sir Terence on January 1. We won't just sack him. We will send him to live in Catford, give him a pair of jeans, some siz e 13 boots, make him read the Sun, watch Eldorado, ride on public transport, work on a building site, out in all weathers, cope with sparks and fumes, l earn what a girder is - a dog's life for Terry. We will see how he likes a t aste of his own medicine. From New Year's Day - I promise - we will hear les s and less rubbish from the Treasury ventriloquists and their dummies: no ga in without pain, unemployment a price worth paying, vital not to throw the b aby out, credibility all important, things safe with us, old man, we know wh at we're doing. That should provide us with a memorable January 1. On Januar y 2 we will sack the second highest Treasury mandarin. I do not know his nam e. That is the point. Mandarins are furtive, creatures of the shadows, never brought to book. Which is what we would be changing. We would appoint the s econd Treasury mandarin to the post of chief council tax collector in the bo rough of Brent. January 3: rat-catching in the Chunnel. January 3 is followe d by January 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 an d so on. Of course it would work. By February we would be humming; by March, in fine heart; by April, ruling Europe. The Financial Times London Page XVI ============= Transaction # 28 ============================================== Transaction #: 28 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:19:54 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:1 ============= Transaction # 29 ============================================== Transaction #: 29 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:20:51 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 209637 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 30 ============================================== Transaction #: 30 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:21:33 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 1 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {chunnel})" ============= Transaction # 31 ============================================== Transaction #: 31 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:21:35 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 30 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 32 ============================================== Transaction #: 32 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:23:23 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 30 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 33 ============================================== Transaction #: 33 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:25:26 Selec. Rec. #: 17 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-15414 _AN-DJLB5ADGFT 931 012 FT 12 OCT 93 / Leading Article: Chunnel lessons WHEN THE Channel tunnel officially opens next May, the projec t will be nearly a year late and its cost of Pounds 8.8bn almost double the original estimate. The construction has been dogged by disputes between Euro tunnel, the operator, and TML, the contractor. Eurotunnel shareholders will also have been asked twice to stump up extra cash. The impression of financi al disorder in what was billed as a flagship of free enterprise is such that some observers are asking whether it would not have been better to leave th e project to the public sector. Such a conclusion would be wrong. First, it is not clear that Eurotunnel has been such a bad investment. Much will depen d on how much traffic it carries, but the initial shareholders show a modest if unexciting gain on their investment at yesterday's closing price of 488p . Second, it is almost certain that the public sector would have done worse in keeping costs under control. It is hard to believe that Department of Tra nsport civil servants would have harried the contractors with the same vigou r as Sir Alastair Morton, Eurotunnel's abrasive chief executive. However, le ssons can be learnt from the Eurotunnel experience. Doing so is also necessa ry, given the UK government's intention of attracting private finance for a range of traditionally public sector investments such as roads, railways, pr isons and hospitals. One lesson is that it is worth the government taking a bit more time and spending a bit more money defining projects up-front. With the Channel tunnel, failure to do so meant the operating franchise was awar ded to a group of construction companies. When they floated Eurotunnel off, it was already saddled with construction contracts with the original promote rs - a structure which has been blamed for many of the subsequent disputes. It would have been better to have started with an operator capable of negoti ating its own contracts. But to achieve that, the government would probably have had to prime the pump. Another lesson is that it may not be efficient t o transfer all the risk of infrastructure projects to the private sector, pa rticularly where the government itself is the source of uncertainty. In Euro tunnel's case, the UK government's sluggishness in building more rail and ro ad links to the tunnel and a tightening of safety regulations have all reduc ed the project's financial attraction. If the government indemnified private contractors for such political and regulatory risks, it would have an incen tive to keep them to the minimum. Countries:- GBZ Un ited Kingdom, EC. FRZ France, EC. Industries:- P16 22 Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway. P4785 Inspection and Fixed Facil ities. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 34 ============================================== Transaction #: 34 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:26:18 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 30 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 6 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 35 ============================================== Transaction #: 35 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:26:34 Selec. Rec. #: 25 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT924-4987 _AN-CK2AVAEVFT 9211 28 FT 28 NOV 92 / Property: Sellers get a painful lesson - Instead of house prices in Kent getting a boost from the Channel Tunnel, they're back to the levels of 1986/87 By MICHAEL HAN SON FALLING house prices are a tender subject in Kent, desp ite the ever-nearer advent of the Channel tunnel. It had been expected the C hunnel would boost prices but this has not happened so far. Indeed, they are back to their pre-boom level of 1986/87, which is roughly half what they we re only two years ago. That has been a painful lesson for sellers. Richard P age, of Savills in Sevenoaks, cites two examples. Meopham Bank, a Regency ho use near Tonbridge offered at Pounds 1.25m in the spring of 1990, has just b een sold for Pounds 550,000. Pilgrim House at Trottiscliffe, which was sold in 1987 for Pounds 500,000, was re-sold recently at the same figure. Then th ere is Wardes, a nine-bedroom, Grade I-listed medieval hall/house in four ac res in the conservation village of Otham, near Maidstone. It is the finest o f several timber-framed houses in Otham and was restored in 1912 by Sir Loui s Mallet, the diplomat. There is a mural in the living room of a stag being stalked by a hunter and a panther. It was painted by an architect, Philip Ti lden, to represent 'the unsuspecting income tax-payer assailed on all sides. ' It now needs further restoration and modernisation. Wardes failed this sum mer to attract a buyer for Pounds 450,000 and the house is being offered by tender - closing on December 15 - at a guide price of Pounds 250,000. The ag ent is Knight Frank & Rutley at Tunbridge Wells (0892-515-035). Having sold the Grange, a rundown, Grade II-listed 17th century house on the edge of Gou dhurst (which just failed to reach its guide price of Pounds 250,000), KF&R' s Robin Tillett is confident Wardes will find a buyer. 'We are having consid erable success in selling rundown properties at formal tender,' he says. 'Th is will be the fifth since August. I believe going to tender concentrates pe ople's minds, and rundown houses inspire the imagination.' Meanwhile, the re cent sale of another notable property at Otham provides further evidence of the fall in prices. The 15-bedroomed Gore Court House, set in 20 acres and l isted grade II, came to market in June 1990 at Pounds 750,000. By the summer of 1991, the price had drifted down to Pounds 450,000. Two months ago, the property was sold at auction by Cluttons for Pounds 317,500. Nearly 18 month s ago, I reported that the owners of the 428-acre Henden Manor estate at Ide Hill, near Sevenoaks, had dropped the asking price of their beautiful 16th century house from Pounds 4m to Pounds 3m because they 'now have a very real desire to sell.' That desire has assumed even more urgency: the price has b een reduced to Pounds 2m through Savills (0732-455-551) and KF&R. Savills al so is selling the home of journalist Jean Rook, who died last year. South Ri ding, a six-bedroom country house in seven acres south of Edenbridge is pric ed at Pounds 325,000. Howard Cundey (0342-833-333) is joint agent. 'Prices h ave to be extremely sensible and realistic to achieve a sale,' says Anthony Brooks, director of GA Town & Country at Tunbridge Wells (0892-542-711). 'Pe ople don't want to listen when we say that properties are selling at 1987 pr ices - or even 1986 prices.' He cites Sissinghurst Park, a Grade II-listed E dwardian house in 20 acres of gardens not far from the better-known gardens at Sissinghurst Castle. It was offered at Pounds 1.2m in April 1991 but now can be had for Pounds 650,000. Brooks has just completed the sale of the six -bedroom Woodsden Farmhouse in two acres near Hawkhurst for more than Pounds 250,000, reduced from its original Pounds 460,000. Its former barn, now con verted into a five-bedroom house, is still for sale at Pounds 230,000, down from Pounds 325,000. Simon Backhouse, of Strutt & Parker's Canterbury office (0227-451-123), explains: 'We have got through the pain barrier of explaini ng to vendors that prices are lower.' He is looking for offers around Pounds 375,000 for Tonford Manor, a Grade II, 18th century moated house in nearly six acres at Harbledown, near Canterbury; and is seeking Pounds 285,000 for the 11-bedroom Colkins, a Grade II Georgian house in almost two acres at Sel ling, near Faversham. 'There are a lot of cash buyers about,' says Mary Grie ves, of the Canterbury office of Cluttons. Acting jointly with GW Finn & Son s, it has just exchanged contracts at around Pounds 350,000 on Jossenblock, a Grade II Georgian house in more than two acres at East Langdon, near Dover . But Peter Bell, the Cluttons' partner at Folkestone, is still seeking a bu yer for his own Grade II-listed country house: Jacques Court, near Canterbur y, for which he has been asking Pounds 550,000. Those seeking flats might, h owever, have better prospects - in Folkestone, at least. Says Bell: 'Until 1 988, we had never been able to obtain corporate rentals here, but we let 25 flats at a time in new blocks to Eurotunnel and Trans-Manche Link for their senior managers. There will be a slight glut of flats when the last people m ove out in 1994.' The Financial Times London Page XV ============= Transaction # 36 ============================================== Transaction #: 36 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:26:37 Selec. Rec. #: 17 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-15414 _AN-DJLB5ADGFT 931 012 FT 12 OCT 93 / Leading Article: Chunnel lessons WHEN THE Channel tunnel officially opens next May, the projec t will be nearly a year late and its cost of Pounds 8.8bn almost double the original estimate. The construction has been dogged by disputes between Euro tunnel, the operator, and TML, the contractor. Eurotunnel shareholders will also have been asked twice to stump up extra cash. The impression of financi al disorder in what was billed as a flagship of free enterprise is such that some observers are asking whether it would not have been better to leave th e project to the public sector. Such a conclusion would be wrong. First, it is not clear that Eurotunnel has been such a bad investment. Much will depen d on how much traffic it carries, but the initial shareholders show a modest if unexciting gain on their investment at yesterday's closing price of 488p . Second, it is almost certain that the public sector would have done worse in keeping costs under control. It is hard to believe that Department of Tra nsport civil servants would have harried the contractors with the same vigou r as Sir Alastair Morton, Eurotunnel's abrasive chief executive. However, le ssons can be learnt from the Eurotunnel experience. Doing so is also necessa ry, given the UK government's intention of attracting private finance for a range of traditionally public sector investments such as roads, railways, pr isons and hospitals. One lesson is that it is worth the government taking a bit more time and spending a bit more money defining projects up-front. With the Channel tunnel, failure to do so meant the operating franchise was awar ded to a group of construction companies. When they floated Eurotunnel off, it was already saddled with construction contracts with the original promote rs - a structure which has been blamed for many of the subsequent disputes. It would have been better to have started with an operator capable of negoti ating its own contracts. But to achieve that, the government would probably have had to prime the pump. Another lesson is that it may not be efficient t o transfer all the risk of infrastructure projects to the private sector, pa rticularly where the government itself is the source of uncertainty. In Euro tunnel's case, the UK government's sluggishness in building more rail and ro ad links to the tunnel and a tightening of safety regulations have all reduc ed the project's financial attraction. If the government indemnified private contractors for such political and regulatory risks, it would have an incen tive to keep them to the minimum. Countries:- GBZ Un ited Kingdom, EC. FRZ France, EC. Industries:- P16 22 Bridge, Tunnel and Elevated Highway. P4785 Inspection and Fixed Facil ities. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 37 ============================================== Transaction #: 37 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:26:37 Selec. Rec. #: 25 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT924-4987 _AN-CK2AVAEVFT 9211 28 FT 28 NOV 92 / Property: Sellers get a painful lesson - Instead of house prices in Kent getting a boost from the Channel Tunnel, they're back to the levels of 1986/87 By MICHAEL HAN SON FALLING house prices are a tender subject in Kent, desp ite the ever-nearer advent of the Channel tunnel. It had been expected the C hunnel would boost prices but this has not happened so far. Indeed, they are back to their pre-boom level of 1986/87, which is roughly half what they we re only two years ago. That has been a painful lesson for sellers. Richard P age, of Savills in Sevenoaks, cites two examples. Meopham Bank, a Regency ho use near Tonbridge offered at Pounds 1.25m in the spring of 1990, has just b een sold for Pounds 550,000. Pilgrim House at Trottiscliffe, which was sold in 1987 for Pounds 500,000, was re-sold recently at the same figure. Then th ere is Wardes, a nine-bedroom, Grade I-listed medieval hall/house in four ac res in the conservation village of Otham, near Maidstone. It is the finest o f several timber-framed houses in Otham and was restored in 1912 by Sir Loui s Mallet, the diplomat. There is a mural in the living room of a stag being stalked by a hunter and a panther. It was painted by an architect, Philip Ti lden, to represent 'the unsuspecting income tax-payer assailed on all sides. ' It now needs further restoration and modernisation. Wardes failed this sum mer to attract a buyer for Pounds 450,000 and the house is being offered by tender - closing on December 15 - at a guide price of Pounds 250,000. The ag ent is Knight Frank & Rutley at Tunbridge Wells (0892-515-035). Having sold the Grange, a rundown, Grade II-listed 17th century house on the edge of Gou dhurst (which just failed to reach its guide price of Pounds 250,000), KF&R' s Robin Tillett is confident Wardes will find a buyer. 'We are having consid erable success in selling rundown properties at formal tender,' he says. 'Th is will be the fifth since August. I believe going to tender concentrates pe ople's minds, and rundown houses inspire the imagination.' Meanwhile, the re cent sale of another notable property at Otham provides further evidence of the fall in prices. The 15-bedroomed Gore Court House, set in 20 acres and l isted grade II, came to market in June 1990 at Pounds 750,000. By the summer of 1991, the price had drifted down to Pounds 450,000. Two months ago, the property was sold at auction by Cluttons for Pounds 317,500. Nearly 18 month s ago, I reported that the owners of the 428-acre Henden Manor estate at Ide Hill, near Sevenoaks, had dropped the asking price of their beautiful 16th century house from Pounds 4m to Pounds 3m because they 'now have a very real desire to sell.' That desire has assumed even more urgency: the price has b een reduced to Pounds 2m through Savills (0732-455-551) and KF&R. Savills al so is selling the home of journalist Jean Rook, who died last year. South Ri ding, a six-bedroom country house in seven acres south of Edenbridge is pric ed at Pounds 325,000. Howard Cundey (0342-833-333) is joint agent. 'Prices h ave to be extremely sensible and realistic to achieve a sale,' says Anthony Brooks, director of GA Town & Country at Tunbridge Wells (0892-542-711). 'Pe ople don't want to listen when we say that properties are selling at 1987 pr ices - or even 1986 prices.' He cites Sissinghurst Park, a Grade II-listed E dwardian house in 20 acres of gardens not far from the better-known gardens at Sissinghurst Castle. It was offered at Pounds 1.2m in April 1991 but now can be had for Pounds 650,000. Brooks has just completed the sale of the six -bedroom Woodsden Farmhouse in two acres near Hawkhurst for more than Pounds 250,000, reduced from its original Pounds 460,000. Its former barn, now con verted into a five-bedroom house, is still for sale at Pounds 230,000, down from Pounds 325,000. Simon Backhouse, of Strutt & Parker's Canterbury office (0227-451-123), explains: 'We have got through the pain barrier of explaini ng to vendors that prices are lower.' He is looking for offers around Pounds 375,000 for Tonford Manor, a Grade II, 18th century moated house in nearly six acres at Harbledown, near Canterbury; and is seeking Pounds 285,000 for the 11-bedroom Colkins, a Grade II Georgian house in almost two acres at Sel ling, near Faversham. 'There are a lot of cash buyers about,' says Mary Grie ves, of the Canterbury office of Cluttons. Acting jointly with GW Finn & Son s, it has just exchanged contracts at around Pounds 350,000 on Jossenblock, a Grade II Georgian house in more than two acres at East Langdon, near Dover . But Peter Bell, the Cluttons' partner at Folkestone, is still seeking a bu yer for his own Grade II-listed country house: Jacques Court, near Canterbur y, for which he has been asking Pounds 550,000. Those seeking flats might, h owever, have better prospects - in Folkestone, at least. Says Bell: 'Until 1 988, we had never been able to obtain corporate rentals here, but we let 25 flats at a time in new blocks to Eurotunnel and Trans-Manche Link for their senior managers. There will be a slight glut of flats when the last people m ove out in 1994.' The Financial Times London Page XV ============= Transaction # 38 ============================================== Transaction #: 38 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:27:30 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {chunnel}) and (topic {britain england})" ============= Transaction # 39 ============================================== Transaction #: 39 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:27:32 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 3 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 3 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 40 ============================================== Transaction #: 40 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:27:58 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {chunnel}) and (topic {benefits})" ============= Transaction # 41 ============================================== Transaction #: 41 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:28:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 7 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 7 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 42 ============================================== Transaction #: 42 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:28:14 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-11803 _AN-DJ2DCADUFT 931 029 FT 29 OCT 93 / Leading Article: Chunnel link THE PLANNED high-speed rail link between London and the Channel tunnel could be a showpiece for the UK government's initiative of attracting private capital to public infrastructure projects. It provides an opportuni ty both to harness the private sector's skills in project management and to remove at least part of a Pounds 2.6bn-Pounds 3bn project from the public se ctor's balance sheet. But to achieve these benefits, the Treasury will need to abandon its purist line that all the risk of such projects should be born e by private investors. Sticking to this line could delay or even kill off t he project, as Union Railways, the British Rail subsidiary set up to develop the link, will tell ministers later today. The essential point is that the private sector is not well suited to bear the political and regulatory risks associated with the early stages of large infrastructure projects. Before c onstruction on the Chunnel link can proceed, planning consents must be won, public inquiries conducted, legislation passed and safety standards determin ed. At each stage, there is a danger that the project will be delayed and ex tra costs imposed. This particular project does not start with a happy histo ry as far as private companies are concerned. Several construction groups ha ve already spent money making proposals, only to have them rejected largely for political reasons. There is also the overhang from the main Channel tunn el project, whose financial attraction has been reduced by a tightening of s afety regulations and the delay in building road and rail links. It is doubt ful whether private funds could be attracted at this stage and, even if they could, a high risk premium would be required. Far better, therefore, for th e public sector to put up the Pounds 200m needed for the project's next phas e, tiding it over until political and regulatory uncertainty is largely out of the way. After that, it should be easier to find a further Pounds 2.5bn-p lus from private investors. The remaining risks -concerning construction co sts, operating expenses and customer demand - are the type the private secto r is best at managing. Given the current budgetary pressures, it is reasonab le to ask why the Chunnel link should have priority over other worthwhile pr ojects that are now stalled. Part of the answer is that the link is already badly delayed. Constructing it is important not only to maximise the economi c benefits of the Channel tunnel but also to ease congestion for commuter tr affic in the south-east. But the most compelling reason for priming the pump is that a success with Union Railways would give a boost to the government' s private funding initiative. It could open the door for private capital to flow into roads, railways and prisons. That, more than almost anything else, would ease the pressure on government finances. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P1629 Hea vy Construction, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 43 ============================================== Transaction #: 43 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:28:18 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-11803 _AN-DJ2DCADUFT 931 029 FT 29 OCT 93 / Leading Article: Chunnel link THE PLANNED high-speed rail link between London and the Channel tunnel could be a showpiece for the UK government's initiative of attracting private capital to public infrastructure projects. It provides an opportuni ty both to harness the private sector's skills in project management and to remove at least part of a Pounds 2.6bn-Pounds 3bn project from the public se ctor's balance sheet. But to achieve these benefits, the Treasury will need to abandon its purist line that all the risk of such projects should be born e by private investors. Sticking to this line could delay or even kill off t he project, as Union Railways, the British Rail subsidiary set up to develop the link, will tell ministers later today. The essential point is that the private sector is not well suited to bear the political and regulatory risks associated with the early stages of large infrastructure projects. Before c onstruction on the Chunnel link can proceed, planning consents must be won, public inquiries conducted, legislation passed and safety standards determin ed. At each stage, there is a danger that the project will be delayed and ex tra costs imposed. This particular project does not start with a happy histo ry as far as private companies are concerned. Several construction groups ha ve already spent money making proposals, only to have them rejected largely for political reasons. There is also the overhang from the main Channel tunn el project, whose financial attraction has been reduced by a tightening of s afety regulations and the delay in building road and rail links. It is doubt ful whether private funds could be attracted at this stage and, even if they could, a high risk premium would be required. Far better, therefore, for th e public sector to put up the Pounds 200m needed for the project's next phas e, tiding it over until political and regulatory uncertainty is largely out of the way. After that, it should be easier to find a further Pounds 2.5bn-p lus from private investors. The remaining risks -concerning construction co sts, operating expenses and customer demand - are the type the private secto r is best at managing. Given the current budgetary pressures, it is reasonab le to ask why the Chunnel link should have priority over other worthwhile pr ojects that are now stalled. Part of the answer is that the link is already badly delayed. Constructing it is important not only to maximise the economi c benefits of the Channel tunnel but also to ease congestion for commuter tr affic in the south-east. But the most compelling reason for priming the pump is that a success with Union Railways would give a boost to the government' s private funding initiative. It could open the door for private capital to flow into roads, railways and prisons. That, more than almost anything else, would ease the pressure on government finances. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P1629 Hea vy Construction, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 44 ============================================== Transaction #: 44 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 13:28:21 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 16:00:00 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:3 ============= Transaction # 45 ============================================== Transaction #: 45 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:29:15 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 207566 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 46 ============================================== Transaction #: 46 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:30:18 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-11803 _AN-DJ2DCADUFT 931 029 FT 29 OCT 93 / Leading Article: Chunnel link THE PLANNED high-speed rail link between London and the Channel tunnel could be a showpiece for the UK government's initiative of attracting private capital to public infrastructure projects. It provides an opportuni ty both to harness the private sector's skills in project management and to remove at least part of a Pounds 2.6bn-Pounds 3bn project from the public se ctor's balance sheet. But to achieve these benefits, the Treasury will need to abandon its purist line that all the risk of such projects should be born e by private investors. Sticking to this line could delay or even kill off t he project, as Union Railways, the British Rail subsidiary set up to develop the link, will tell ministers later today. The essential point is that the private sector is not well suited to bear the political and regulatory risks associated with the early stages of large infrastructure projects. Before c onstruction on the Chunnel link can proceed, planning consents must be won, public inquiries conducted, legislation passed and safety standards determin ed. At each stage, there is a danger that the project will be delayed and ex tra costs imposed. This particular project does not start with a happy histo ry as far as private companies are concerned. Several construction groups ha ve already spent money making proposals, only to have them rejected largely for political reasons. There is also the overhang from the main Channel tunn el project, whose financial attraction has been reduced by a tightening of s afety regulations and the delay in building road and rail links. It is doubt ful whether private funds could be attracted at this stage and, even if they could, a high risk premium would be required. Far better, therefore, for th e public sector to put up the Pounds 200m needed for the project's next phas e, tiding it over until political and regulatory uncertainty is largely out of the way. After that, it should be easier to find a further Pounds 2.5bn-p lus from private investors. The remaining risks -concerning construction co sts, operating expenses and customer demand - are the type the private secto r is best at managing. Given the current budgetary pressures, it is reasonab le to ask why the Chunnel link should have priority over other worthwhile pr ojects that are now stalled. Part of the answer is that the link is already badly delayed. Constructing it is important not only to maximise the economi c benefits of the Channel tunnel but also to ease congestion for commuter tr affic in the south-east. But the most compelling reason for priming the pump is that a success with Union Railways would give a boost to the government' s private funding initiative. It could open the door for private capital to flow into roads, railways and prisons. That, more than almost anything else, would ease the pressure on government finances. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P1629 Hea vy Construction, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 47 ============================================== Transaction #: 47 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:31:29 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-14915 _AN-EARDHAELFT 940 118 FT 18 JAN 94 / Leading Article: Two-speed link The British government's vacillation over building a fast rail link to the Channel tunnel has given a new meaning to the term 'two-speed E urope'. When the tunnel opens in May, trains from Paris to Calais will trave l at 180mph but complete the journey from Dover to London at about 47mph. La st year, France's President Francois Mitterrand rightly poked fun at the UK' s slow-coach approach. Now it appears ministers are finally prepared to comm it whatever public funds are needed to make the project financially viable f or private investment. A beauty contest to choose the private partner will s tart shortly. Though the link will still not be ready until 2002, this deter mination to form a genuine partnership with the private sector is welcome. T he government's original error was to think the private sector could handle the Pounds 3bn project on its own. Public sector funds are needed because th e link will have social benefits that cannot easily be turned into profitabl e business. Active government involvement will also be vital to overcome leg islative and regulatory hurdles. Nevertheless, the government's idea of usin g the private sector to build the link was not wholly misconceived. Competit ive private enterprise is better suited to design, build and operate such pr ojects than the public sector. Involving private investors should also minim ise the burden on the public purse. Ministers' current idea of a joint ventu re between public and private sectors could provide the best of both worlds. But such a partnership will not be easy to manage. For a start, government should smarten up its negotiating act. Off-the-record suggestions that the p ublic sector would put up Pounds 1bn-Pounds 1.5bn are not helpful, as they c ould merely encourage contractors to inflate their profit margins. The purpo se of competitive tendering should be to get the best value for money for ta xpayers. Even more tricky will be to allocate risk clearly between the publi c and private sectors. Will government compensate the private partner if leg islation to authorise the link is delayed or safety regulations are tightene d? Ministers will need to answer such questions carefully if they are to avo id destructive wrangles in the future. Making a success of the fast rail lin k is not simply an important goal in its own right. Given its status as a fl agship project, it will have repercussions for the government's wider initia tive for attracting private capital for public infrastructure. Success with the Channel link will convince companies that they can do business with gove rnment. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. FRZ France, EC. Industries:- P1629 Heavy Construction, NEC . Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Fina ncial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 48 ============================================== Transaction #: 48 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:31:35 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-11803 _AN-DJ2DCADUFT 931 029 FT 29 OCT 93 / Leading Article: Chunnel link THE PLANNED high-speed rail link between London and the Channel tunnel could be a showpiece for the UK government's initiative of attracting private capital to public infrastructure projects. It provides an opportuni ty both to harness the private sector's skills in project management and to remove at least part of a Pounds 2.6bn-Pounds 3bn project from the public se ctor's balance sheet. But to achieve these benefits, the Treasury will need to abandon its purist line that all the risk of such projects should be born e by private investors. Sticking to this line could delay or even kill off t he project, as Union Railways, the British Rail subsidiary set up to develop the link, will tell ministers later today. The essential point is that the private sector is not well suited to bear the political and regulatory risks associated with the early stages of large infrastructure projects. Before c onstruction on the Chunnel link can proceed, planning consents must be won, public inquiries conducted, legislation passed and safety standards determin ed. At each stage, there is a danger that the project will be delayed and ex tra costs imposed. This particular project does not start with a happy histo ry as far as private companies are concerned. Several construction groups ha ve already spent money making proposals, only to have them rejected largely for political reasons. There is also the overhang from the main Channel tunn el project, whose financial attraction has been reduced by a tightening of s afety regulations and the delay in building road and rail links. It is doubt ful whether private funds could be attracted at this stage and, even if they could, a high risk premium would be required. Far better, therefore, for th e public sector to put up the Pounds 200m needed for the project's next phas e, tiding it over until political and regulatory uncertainty is largely out of the way. After that, it should be easier to find a further Pounds 2.5bn-p lus from private investors. The remaining risks -concerning construction co sts, operating expenses and customer demand - are the type the private secto r is best at managing. Given the current budgetary pressures, it is reasonab le to ask why the Chunnel link should have priority over other worthwhile pr ojects that are now stalled. Part of the answer is that the link is already badly delayed. Constructing it is important not only to maximise the economi c benefits of the Channel tunnel but also to ease congestion for commuter tr affic in the south-east. But the most compelling reason for priming the pump is that a success with Union Railways would give a boost to the government' s private funding initiative. It could open the door for private capital to flow into roads, railways and prisons. That, more than almost anything else, would ease the pressure on government finances. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P1629 Hea vy Construction, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 49 ============================================== Transaction #: 49 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:31:35 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-14915 _AN-EARDHAELFT 940 118 FT 18 JAN 94 / Leading Article: Two-speed link The British government's vacillation over building a fast rail link to the Channel tunnel has given a new meaning to the term 'two-speed E urope'. When the tunnel opens in May, trains from Paris to Calais will trave l at 180mph but complete the journey from Dover to London at about 47mph. La st year, France's President Francois Mitterrand rightly poked fun at the UK' s slow-coach approach. Now it appears ministers are finally prepared to comm it whatever public funds are needed to make the project financially viable f or private investment. A beauty contest to choose the private partner will s tart shortly. Though the link will still not be ready until 2002, this deter mination to form a genuine partnership with the private sector is welcome. T he government's original error was to think the private sector could handle the Pounds 3bn project on its own. Public sector funds are needed because th e link will have social benefits that cannot easily be turned into profitabl e business. Active government involvement will also be vital to overcome leg islative and regulatory hurdles. Nevertheless, the government's idea of usin g the private sector to build the link was not wholly misconceived. Competit ive private enterprise is better suited to design, build and operate such pr ojects than the public sector. Involving private investors should also minim ise the burden on the public purse. Ministers' current idea of a joint ventu re between public and private sectors could provide the best of both worlds. But such a partnership will not be easy to manage. For a start, government should smarten up its negotiating act. Off-the-record suggestions that the p ublic sector would put up Pounds 1bn-Pounds 1.5bn are not helpful, as they c ould merely encourage contractors to inflate their profit margins. The purpo se of competitive tendering should be to get the best value for money for ta xpayers. Even more tricky will be to allocate risk clearly between the publi c and private sectors. Will government compensate the private partner if leg islation to authorise the link is delayed or safety regulations are tightene d? Ministers will need to answer such questions carefully if they are to avo id destructive wrangles in the future. Making a success of the fast rail lin k is not simply an important goal in its own right. Given its status as a fl agship project, it will have repercussions for the government's wider initia tive for attracting private capital for public infrastructure. Success with the Channel link will convince companies that they can do business with gove rnment. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. FRZ France, EC. Industries:- P1629 Heavy Construction, NEC . Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Fina ncial Times London Page 17 ============= Transaction # 50 ============================================== Transaction #: 50 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 57900 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: 16:00:00 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: 13:31:57 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: