IRE Index index Butterworth & Company Karen Sparck Jones All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, without the written permission of the copyright holder, application for which should be addressed to the Publishers. Such written permission must also be obtained before any part of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature. Index 347 Information Systems (cont.) probability theory in design of, 202 prototype development, 159 Informativeness, 51 Insight oriented studies, 122 INIS, 125 INSPEC, 73, 139,142, 146, 150, 282, 285-315 arrangement of groups, 296 arrangement of terms into groups, 295 boolean comparison, 303 compilation times, 293 conclusions on, 310 costs, 306 computer search, 307 intellectual effort, 306 cost-effectiveness, 307, 311 criticism, 313 database, 134 documents, 287 free and controlled-language comparison, 309 list of search terms, 295 methodology, 311 number of queries, 312 profiles, 286, 297 profile compilation, 290 modification times, 294 standard tasks, 291, 294 times, 293, 309 queries for, 287 ranked output comparison, 300 recall figures, 300 relevance assessments, 296 results, 299 retrieval performance, 299 retrospect, 311 search software, 299 search strategies, 288, 294, 301, 311 search time, 309 standard tasks, 291, 294 term groups, 289, 313 term weighting, 288, 290, 296, 313 user participation, 312 relevance assessment by, 297 Interrelationships, 192 Investigation, definition, 4, 213 INSILT, 139, 140, 143, 144, 151, 234, 243, 282 indexing language, 231, 233 Justification studies, 105 Knowledge, anomalous state of, 46, 50, 53 KWAC, 142,144 KWIC index, 233 Laboratory tests, 11, 60, 156, 241 characteristics of, 156 communication failures, 160 Indexing (cont.) manual, 2 compared with automatic text searching, 249 person consistency, 151 pre-coordination of terms, 63 probabilistic, 21 procedures, 62 relational, 234 sophisticated, 243 specificity of, 62 statistics, 261 tests, 235 times, 260, 268 unweighted, 205 Indexing experiments, 139 Index languages, 62, 78, 136, 143, 219 artificial, 248 choice of, 144 construction of, 19 controlled, 233, 235 Cranfield 1, 260, 269 Cranfield 2, 272, 278, 282 evaluation, 116 exhaustivity, 236 manual, tests, 230 natural, 233, 235 orderings, 80 sophistication of, 221 specificity, 231 tests, 139, 220, 229, 232 overview, 224 EPSILON test, 84 Index terms, 157 Inference chains, 49 Inferential methods of testing, 85 INFOLINE, 129 Information, 45 generation of, 183 need for, 45, 46, 50 identification, 181 philosophy of, 180 relation to text, 47 Information systems, commercial, 77 control of factors, 125 core of, 216 current state of understanding, 248 definition of, 9, 180 designers as gedanken experimenters, 206 effectiveness, 134 essential function of, 129 explicitly probabilistic, 203 explicitly utility theoretic, 203 human aspects of, 105 importance of, 316 interaction with user, 193 control of, 126 libraries as, 193 measurement of characteristics, 144 outcome of, 108, 109 ~=2