MONO91 Automatic Indexing chapter Mary Elizabeth Stevens National Bureau of Standards some work of this kind will be den[OCRerr]onstrated during the Conference. This has caused soine corr[OCRerr]protnises in typography... "1/ Several pioneering experiments in automatic indexing were applied to this ICSI material. One of these led to the preparation of a permuted keyword index based on titles, subtitles, section and table headings, figure captions, and selected sentences or phrases taken directly from the text (Citron, et al, 1958 [120]). It was prepared using punched card equipment, and the resulting listings were distributed to the Conference participants in November of 1958. Another set of experiments involved trial of the 11auto- abstracting" and "auto-encoding" techniques proposed by Luhn (1958 [379] ).[OCRerr]g A computer program potentially applicable to certain ancillary operations which might be involved in automatic indexing was also demonstrated at the time of the ICSI sessions. (Stevens, 1959 [568]). Much of the rapidly proliferating work in the field of automatic indexing since that time has been inspired directly or indirectly by the results of these experiments using the ICSI material. For example, Dowell and Marshall, discussing early efforts at the English Electric Company, state: "We first became interested in the possibilities of computer produced indexes through Luhn's work at IBM and the early examples of KWIC indexes which were distribute d at the time of the Washington Conference..." (Dowell and Marshall, 1962 [159]) 3/ 1/ "Preprints of papers of the International Conference on Scientific Information," 1958, [478], Preface. (The monotype tapes are in fact still held in the custody of the Research Information Center and Advisory Service on Information Processing, National Bureau of Standards, but difficulties to be discussed later in this report discourage their use.) 2/ See also his "Automated intelligence systems" 1962 [372], note.ll, p. 100: "Papers for this conference were distributed to participants two months ahead for study. By arrangement with the Columbia University Press the Monotype tapes used in publishing these preprints were made available for experimentation. At the conference exhibit, IBM researchers demonstrated the automatic transcription of these Monotype tapes to magnetic tape via punched cards and thence the automatic creation and printout of abstracts by means of electronic data processing equipment at the Space Systems Center in Washington, D. C. Ml this was done without any human intervention except for the handling of the input and output records. Mso, preprinted Auto-Abstracts of Papers of Area 5 of the Conference were made avail- able to participants at the beginning of the conference." See also RA. Kennedy, 1962 [310], p. 181: "While automatic indexing in any interpretative and analytical sense is therefore not yet a practical matter, a simpler mode of machine indexing is coming into wide use . . . primarily stimulated by the publication in 1958 and 1959 of reports by Ohlman, Hart and Citron and Luhn." 7 3/