============= Transaction # 1 ============================================== Transaction #: 1 Transaction Code: 0 (New Host Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:37:31 1999 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:37:31 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 2 ============================================== Transaction #: 2 Transaction Code: 35 (New Host Connected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 3 ============================================== Transaction #: 3 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:39:06 1999 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:39:06 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 6 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {drugs for the treatment of asthma})" ============= Transaction # 4 ============================================== Transaction #: 4 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8389 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 5 ============================================== Transaction #: 5 Transaction Code: 39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 6 ============================================== Transaction #: 6 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 7 ============================================== Transaction #: 7 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 8 ============================================== Transaction #: 8 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 9 ============================================== Transaction #: 9 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:43:30 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:43:30 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 7 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {drugs for the treatment of asthma ventolin})" ============= Transaction # 10 ============================================== Transaction #: 10 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8390 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 11 ============================================== Transaction #: 11 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:44:21 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:44:21 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 1 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 8 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {drugs for the treatment of asthma ventolin}) and (title {gl axo})" ============= Transaction # 12 ============================================== Transaction #: 12 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 141 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 13 ============================================== Transaction #: 13 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT941-10709 _AN-EBHC6AE5FT 940 208 FT 08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi ns US approval By DANIEL GREEN Glax o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products of th e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent. The US Food and Drug Adminis tration had been expected to approve the drug in December and Glaxo shares f ell when this did not happen. After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share s rose 15p to end the day with a net fall of 2p at 664p. The drug is importa nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the long standing big sel ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments are second in importanc e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic portfolio, accounting for almos t one quarter of total sales. The older drug has now lost much of its patent protection and the company is relying on Serevent to underpin its position in the market. The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually reach sales of Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In the last full year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort h Pounds 484m. The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove rnment healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis t of drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the ruling. Companies:- Glaxo Holdings. Countr ies:- USZ United States of America. Industries:- P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations. Types:- TECH P roducts & Product use. The Financial Times London P age 24 ============= Transaction # 14 ============================================== Transaction #: 14 Transaction Code: 12 (Record Relevance Feedback) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:45:26 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:45:26 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind Default:1 ============= Transaction # 15 ============================================== Transaction #: 15 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status 0} {Hits 0} {Received 0} {Set Default}} {Unsupported Relation a ttribute -- No 'RELEVANCE' index mapping found for feedback processing} ============= Transaction # 16 ============================================== Transaction #: 16 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 17 ============================================== Transaction #: 17 Transaction Code: 26 (Saved Recs. Cleared) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 18 ============================================== Transaction #: 18 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:48:04 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:48:04 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {tourists violence})" ============= Transaction # 19 ============================================== Transaction #: 19 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5250 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 20 ============================================== Transaction #: 20 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11047 _AN-EHBDUABRFT 940 802 FT 02 AUG 94 / Tourists return to more peaceful Egyp t By MARK NICHOLSON CAIRO Three months free of Islamic militant attacks on tourist ta rgets has encouraged a recovery in Egypt's tourist industry, with Cairo hote ls enjoying their highest occupancy rates in more than two years. Latest tou rism ministry figures show a 4.5 per cent rise in visitors in May against th e same month last year, the first overall rise since militant groups began a ttacks on tourist buses, cruise boats and other tourist targets in late 1992 . Hoteliers say the recovery has strengthened since then. The last attacks a gainst tourist targets came in March, when a few trains were raked with gunf ire as they passed through Assiut, a heartland of militant activity in south ern Egypt. A German tourist died from injuries after gunmen fired at a Nile cruiser passing by Assiut. Since April the government has repeatedly claimed its crackdown has succeeded in breaking the main militant groups, the Gamaa al-Islamiyya and Jihad, and prevented them operating outside their traditio nal strongholds in Upper Egypt. Mr Hassan al-Alfie, interior minister, said last week: 'We have managed to encircle them and put an end to the acts of v iolence.' Mr Tony Baldry, parliamentary under-secretary at the Foreign Offic e, said during a recent visit to Egypt that he had 'every impression this wa s a situation which has been contained, understood, and dealt with'. The lul l in violence has encouraged tourism in Cairo, where five-star hotels report occupancy rates of between 85-90 per cent against an average of little over 50 per cent this time last year. 'There's been an extraordinarily good impr ovement,' said Mr Richard Bousfield, marketing director at the Cairo Semiram is Intercontinental. The bulk of Cairo's summer visitors are Gulf Arabs. Hot eliers and tour operators in Europe say it remains too early to forecast whe ther European, American and other tourists will return in large numbers duri ng the winter season, which begins in October. However, some hotels say prov isional tour bookings for next season are already twice what they were a yea r ago. 'Bookings are looking good; they're up for August and early September , and I sense already that European tour operators are beginning to respond, ' said Mr Armin Shrocker, manager of the Nile Hilton hotel. Egypt attracted a record 3.2m tourists in 1991-92 before the militant attacks, garnering har d-currency earnings calculated by the government at about Dollars 3bn (Pound s 1.9bn). It says the anti-tourism violence, designed by the Gamaa al-Islami yya militant group to attack the government by harming the economy, cost Dol lars 900m in lost revenues last year, hitting employment and investment in w hat had been Egypt's fastest-growing industry. However, diplomats and other commentators are cautious about forecasting an end to militant violence. Mor eover, the Egyptian government faces a considerable security test in early S eptember, when Cairo will attract around 20,000 participants, including prim e ministers, to the United Nations International Conference on Population an d Development. On Sunday the Gamaa al-Islamiyya broke a silence of more than two and a half months by issuing a faxed statement declaring it intended to step up violence in the Upper Egyptian town of Mallawi, 270km south of Cair o, where it claimed its members had ambushed and wounded two policemen. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Industries:- < /XX> P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. P7011 Hotels and Motels. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS Sales. STATS Statistics. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 21 ============================================== Transaction #: 21 Transaction Code: 38 (Record Deselected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11047 _AN-EHBDUABRFT 940 802 FT 02 AUG 94 / Tourists return to more peaceful Egyp t By MARK NICHOLSON CAIRO Three months free of Islamic militant attacks on tourist ta rgets has encouraged a recovery in Egypt's tourist industry, with Cairo hote ls enjoying their highest occupancy rates in more than two years. Latest tou rism ministry figures show a 4.5 per cent rise in visitors in May against th e same month last year, the first overall rise since militant groups began a ttacks on tourist buses, cruise boats and other tourist targets in late 1992 . Hoteliers say the recovery has strengthened since then. The last attacks a gainst tourist targets came in March, when a few trains were raked with gunf ire as they passed through Assiut, a heartland of militant activity in south ern Egypt. A German tourist died from injuries after gunmen fired at a Nile cruiser passing by Assiut. Since April the government has repeatedly claimed its crackdown has succeeded in breaking the main militant groups, the Gamaa al-Islamiyya and Jihad, and prevented them operating outside their traditio nal strongholds in Upper Egypt. Mr Hassan al-Alfie, interior minister, said last week: 'We have managed to encircle them and put an end to the acts of v iolence.' Mr Tony Baldry, parliamentary under-secretary at the Foreign Offic e, said during a recent visit to Egypt that he had 'every impression this wa s a situation which has been contained, understood, and dealt with'. The lul l in violence has encouraged tourism in Cairo, where five-star hotels report occupancy rates of between 85-90 per cent against an average of little over 50 per cent this time last year. 'There's been an extraordinarily good impr ovement,' said Mr Richard Bousfield, marketing director at the Cairo Semiram is Intercontinental. The bulk of Cairo's summer visitors are Gulf Arabs. Hot eliers and tour operators in Europe say it remains too early to forecast whe ther European, American and other tourists will return in large numbers duri ng the winter season, which begins in October. However, some hotels say prov isional tour bookings for next season are already twice what they were a yea r ago. 'Bookings are looking good; they're up for August and early September , and I sense already that European tour operators are beginning to respond, ' said Mr Armin Shrocker, manager of the Nile Hilton hotel. Egypt attracted a record 3.2m tourists in 1991-92 before the militant attacks, garnering har d-currency earnings calculated by the government at about Dollars 3bn (Pound s 1.9bn). It says the anti-tourism violence, designed by the Gamaa al-Islami yya militant group to attack the government by harming the economy, cost Dol lars 900m in lost revenues last year, hitting employment and investment in w hat had been Egypt's fastest-growing industry. However, diplomats and other commentators are cautious about forecasting an end to militant violence. Mor eover, the Egyptian government faces a considerable security test in early S eptember, when Cairo will attract around 20,000 participants, including prim e ministers, to the United Nations International Conference on Population an d Development. On Sunday the Gamaa al-Islamiyya broke a silence of more than two and a half months by issuing a faxed statement declaring it intended to step up violence in the Upper Egyptian town of Mallawi, 270km south of Cair o, where it claimed its members had ambushed and wounded two policemen. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Industries:- < /XX> P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. P7011 Hotels and Motels. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS Sales. STATS Statistics. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 22 ============================================== Transaction #: 22 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11047 _AN-EHBDUABRFT 940 802 FT 02 AUG 94 / Tourists return to more peaceful Egyp t By MARK NICHOLSON CAIRO Three months free of Islamic militant attacks on tourist ta rgets has encouraged a recovery in Egypt's tourist industry, with Cairo hote ls enjoying their highest occupancy rates in more than two years. Latest tou rism ministry figures show a 4.5 per cent rise in visitors in May against th e same month last year, the first overall rise since militant groups began a ttacks on tourist buses, cruise boats and other tourist targets in late 1992 . Hoteliers say the recovery has strengthened since then. The last attacks a gainst tourist targets came in March, when a few trains were raked with gunf ire as they passed through Assiut, a heartland of militant activity in south ern Egypt. A German tourist died from injuries after gunmen fired at a Nile cruiser passing by Assiut. Since April the government has repeatedly claimed its crackdown has succeeded in breaking the main militant groups, the Gamaa al-Islamiyya and Jihad, and prevented them operating outside their traditio nal strongholds in Upper Egypt. Mr Hassan al-Alfie, interior minister, said last week: 'We have managed to encircle them and put an end to the acts of v iolence.' Mr Tony Baldry, parliamentary under-secretary at the Foreign Offic e, said during a recent visit to Egypt that he had 'every impression this wa s a situation which has been contained, understood, and dealt with'. The lul l in violence has encouraged tourism in Cairo, where five-star hotels report occupancy rates of between 85-90 per cent against an average of little over 50 per cent this time last year. 'There's been an extraordinarily good impr ovement,' said Mr Richard Bousfield, marketing director at the Cairo Semiram is Intercontinental. The bulk of Cairo's summer visitors are Gulf Arabs. Hot eliers and tour operators in Europe say it remains too early to forecast whe ther European, American and other tourists will return in large numbers duri ng the winter season, which begins in October. However, some hotels say prov isional tour bookings for next season are already twice what they were a yea r ago. 'Bookings are looking good; they're up for August and early September , and I sense already that European tour operators are beginning to respond, ' said Mr Armin Shrocker, manager of the Nile Hilton hotel. Egypt attracted a record 3.2m tourists in 1991-92 before the militant attacks, garnering har d-currency earnings calculated by the government at about Dollars 3bn (Pound s 1.9bn). It says the anti-tourism violence, designed by the Gamaa al-Islami yya militant group to attack the government by harming the economy, cost Dol lars 900m in lost revenues last year, hitting employment and investment in w hat had been Egypt's fastest-growing industry. However, diplomats and other commentators are cautious about forecasting an end to militant violence. Mor eover, the Egyptian government faces a considerable security test in early S eptember, when Cairo will attract around 20,000 participants, including prim e ministers, to the United Nations International Conference on Population an d Development. On Sunday the Gamaa al-Islamiyya broke a silence of more than two and a half months by issuing a faxed statement declaring it intended to step up violence in the Upper Egyptian town of Mallawi, 270km south of Cair o, where it claimed its members had ambushed and wounded two policemen. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Industries:- < /XX> P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. P7011 Hotels and Motels. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS Sales. STATS Statistics. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 23 ============================================== Transaction #: 23 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11047 _AN-EHBDUABRFT 940 802 FT 02 AUG 94 / Tourists return to more peaceful Egyp t By MARK NICHOLSON CAIRO Three months free of Islamic militant attacks on tourist ta rgets has encouraged a recovery in Egypt's tourist industry, with Cairo hote ls enjoying their highest occupancy rates in more than two years. Latest tou rism ministry figures show a 4.5 per cent rise in visitors in May against th e same month last year, the first overall rise since militant groups began a ttacks on tourist buses, cruise boats and other tourist targets in late 1992 . Hoteliers say the recovery has strengthened since then. The last attacks a gainst tourist targets came in March, when a few trains were raked with gunf ire as they passed through Assiut, a heartland of militant activity in south ern Egypt. A German tourist died from injuries after gunmen fired at a Nile cruiser passing by Assiut. Since April the government has repeatedly claimed its crackdown has succeeded in breaking the main militant groups, the Gamaa al-Islamiyya and Jihad, and prevented them operating outside their traditio nal strongholds in Upper Egypt. Mr Hassan al-Alfie, interior minister, said last week: 'We have managed to encircle them and put an end to the acts of v iolence.' Mr Tony Baldry, parliamentary under-secretary at the Foreign Offic e, said during a recent visit to Egypt that he had 'every impression this wa s a situation which has been contained, understood, and dealt with'. The lul l in violence has encouraged tourism in Cairo, where five-star hotels report occupancy rates of between 85-90 per cent against an average of little over 50 per cent this time last year. 'There's been an extraordinarily good impr ovement,' said Mr Richard Bousfield, marketing director at the Cairo Semiram is Intercontinental. The bulk of Cairo's summer visitors are Gulf Arabs. Hot eliers and tour operators in Europe say it remains too early to forecast whe ther European, American and other tourists will return in large numbers duri ng the winter season, which begins in October. However, some hotels say prov isional tour bookings for next season are already twice what they were a yea r ago. 'Bookings are looking good; they're up for August and early September , and I sense already that European tour operators are beginning to respond, ' said Mr Armin Shrocker, manager of the Nile Hilton hotel. Egypt attracted a record 3.2m tourists in 1991-92 before the militant attacks, garnering har d-currency earnings calculated by the government at about Dollars 3bn (Pound s 1.9bn). It says the anti-tourism violence, designed by the Gamaa al-Islami yya militant group to attack the government by harming the economy, cost Dol lars 900m in lost revenues last year, hitting employment and investment in w hat had been Egypt's fastest-growing industry. However, diplomats and other commentators are cautious about forecasting an end to militant violence. Mor eover, the Egyptian government faces a considerable security test in early S eptember, when Cairo will attract around 20,000 participants, including prim e ministers, to the United Nations International Conference on Population an d Development. On Sunday the Gamaa al-Islamiyya broke a silence of more than two and a half months by issuing a faxed statement declaring it intended to step up violence in the Upper Egyptian town of Mallawi, 270km south of Cair o, where it claimed its members had ambushed and wounded two policemen. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Industries:- < /XX> P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. P7011 Hotels and Motels. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS Sales. STATS Statistics. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 24 ============================================== Transaction #: 24 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-16493 _AN-DDFCIABMFT 930 406 FT 06 APR 93 / Kenya's tourist industry suffers big fall in revenue By REUTER NA IROBI TOURISM in Kenya dropped sharply last year, reducin g hard currency revenues from the industry to Dollars 295m from Dollars 400m (Pounds 195m from Pounds 266m) in 1991, a government official said yesterda y, Reuter reports from Nairobi. Mr Philemon Mwaisaka, permanent secretary at the ministry of tourism, blamed the sharp downturn in visits to safari park s or Indian Ocean beaches on reports in western countries, where most visito rs come from, about attacks on tourists, tribal violence and political unres t. 'Imagined insecurity in Kenya had convinced European-based tourists that the country was not safe,' he said. The run-up to December's first multi-par ty polls in 26 years was marred by tribal violence. This, coupled with bandi t attacks on tourists, led to a fall in hotel bookings of up to 60,000 bed-n ights in the last five months of 1992, tourism officials say. Last year, som e 700,000 tourists visited Kenya after a record 814,000 in 1991. But many, e nticed by cheap bucket-shop deals, kept their wallets closed while in the co untry. Mr Mwaisaka said the government was fighting back with a vigorous cam paign to revitalise the industry and woo visitors. He said security in natio nal parks would be stepped up, more roads would be built and accommodation w ould be improved. 'Protection of endangered species like elephants and rhino s has received priority,' he added. 'Poaching has been reduced to almost zer o and an elaborate security network put in place to ensure tourists' safety and increased comfort,' he added. The government has also begun aerial surve illance of game parks and issued advice about which areas of Nairobi are con sidered dangerous. Fears for the safety of tourists have been fuelled by att acks in game parks, particularly the Masai Mara reserve. Germany and the US have warned their nationals not to go to parks while Britain and Australia h ave cautioned against travel in parks when unaccompanied by rangers. Kenya, which rejected International Monetary Fund and World Bank-backed reforms las t month, badly needs tourists to help purchase essential imports and service a Dollars 7.1bn foreign debt. President Daniel arap Moi, angered over an IM F refusal to reinstate critical balance of payments support of around Dollar s 40m a month, two weeks ago called a halt to liberalisation policies and sa id Kenya would go its own way. Countries:- KEZ Kenya , Africa. Industries:- P9311 Finance, Taxation, and Mon etary Policy. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. < XX> Types:- GOVT Government News. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 25 ============================================== Transaction #: 25 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 6 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-12228 _AN-DGZB2AARFT 930 726 FT 26 JUL 93 / Four hurt in Turk bombing By Agencies A BOMB injured three foreign touri sts and a Turk at a tourist site in central Istanbul, yesterday, agencies re port. It was not immediately clear whether the blast was connected with thre ats by the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to attack Turkish touri st sites. But it coincided with other violence blamed on the PKK. Armed PKK rebels meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists from a bus in south-eastern Turkey. In another incident, a mine planted on a railway exploded near the t own of Bingol, derailing a passenger train. Two soldiers protecting the trai n were killed and three other people on board were injured. Officials blamed the PKK for the attack. Police said the Istanbul bomb had been left in a li tter basket under an automated bank teller machine near the sixth-century Ha ghia Sophia Cathedral. The tourists, two of them Italians, and the Turk were all slightly injured. No damage was reported to the Haghia Sophia, one of t he world's most celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture. Countries:- TRZ Turkey, Middle East. Industries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page 3 < /PAGE> ============= Transaction # 26 ============================================== Transaction #: 26 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 5 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-887 _AN-DC1AGAB7FT 93032 7 FT 27 MAR 93 / When terror takes a toll: How internati onal tourist destinations are affected by political violence By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, NIKKI TAIT and MARK NICHOLSON A year ago, the Cairo Sheraton hotel was 75 per cent full. This month, 41 per cent of its rooms are occupied. Some Cairo hotels are just over a third full. One five-star hotel is charging only Dollars 28 a room. The Gama'a al- Islamiyya, the Islamic militant group which is seeking to destabilise the Eg yptian government, has deliberately targeted the country's tourist industry. Late last year, gunmen shot at tour buses in Upper Egypt, killing one Briti sh visitor. Earlier this year, two visitors were killed when a bomb exploded in a cafe in Cairo's Tahrir Square. Mr Fouad Sultan, the tourism minister, says earnings are down by a fifth on last year. Many in the industry conside r that an underestimate. The tourist ministry has hired Burson-Marsteller, t he world's biggest public relations company, and Saatchi & Saatchi to help i mprove the country's image. While terrorism and the murder of foreign visito rs can substantially damage a nation's tourism, the effect differs widely fr om country to country. As Egypt agonises over how to salvage its fastest gro wing industry and biggest foreign currency earner, the tourist businesses of other countries have been largely unaffected by terrorist and criminal viol ence. Third world destinations appear to suffer more than developed countrie s from attacks on tourists. Kenyan tourism was badly hit last year as a resu lt of publicity surrounding the trial of two game rangers accused of the mur der of British tourist Julie Ward in 1988, and by reports of other attacks o n tourists. By contrast, the murder of a British visitor in Florida last yea r had little effect on the state's tourism. Thomson, the UK's biggest travel group, said that while the depreciation of the pound against the dollar had deterred some British travellers, reports of violence had little effect. Si milarly, Egyptian tourism has been much more severely affected by terrorist incidents than the industries in the UK or the US. Despite years of widely-r eported deaths and injuries from IRA bombs, the British tourist industry has suffered little long-term damage. Mr Alan Jefferson, the British Tourist Au thority's international marketing director, says his offices abroad usually receive no more than a handful of calls after IRA attacks. One New York trav el agent said that, while some US tourists about to leave for the UK had ask ed about recent IRA bombs, they had decided to go ahead with their trips. Th e UK tourist industry has been more severely affected by events elsewhere. T he US bombing of Libya in 1986 contributed to a 4 per cent fall in visitors to 13.9m, as Americans, fearing terrorist reprisals, stayed at home. The Gul f War resulted in tourists to the UK falling to 16.7m in 1991, from 18m the year before. In the US, the bombing of New York's World Trade Centre last mo nth produced 'no significant cancellations', according to the city's Convent ion and Visitors Bureau. Airlines servicing the New York area also say that there has been very little impact on passenger traffic. The National Parks S ervice reports that the number of visitors to New York attractions such as t he Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island ran at about 3,500-4,000 daily during February, a typical number for the month. While tourist destinations such as Egypt and Kenya might feel they are the victims of double standards, travel industry executives say they suffer from a perception that they are societi es under siege. The futures of the US and British governments are not percei ved as being threatened by violent crime or terrorism. Although the IRA has bombed areas frequented by tourists, foreign visitors to the UK have not bee n specific targets as they have in Egypt. Mr Peter Kerkar, chief executive o f Cox & Kings Travel, a London-based company, argues that American visitors to the UK are behaving quite logically in ignoring IRA attacks but staying a t home during the Gulf War and in the wake of the bombing of Libya. 'The IRA is not singling out Americans. If they're involved in an IRA incident, it's because of bad luck. In the case of Libya, Americans were a target.' One Br itish travel industry manager points out that Florida, while plagued by viol ent crime, offers tourists a sense of safety, however illusory, that countri es such as Kenya and Egypt do not. 'America is familiar territory, where eve ryone speaks the same language and where half the TV programmes are the ones you see at home.' Mr Martin Brackenbury, president of the International Fed eration of Tour Operators, says there are a few general principles which cou ntries can apply when attempting to limit the damage caused to tourism by vi olence. 'The first is: never attempt to cover up. Clearly admit a problem if there is one. The second is to put in place measures which can clearly be s een to be effective,' he says. He says Kenya has responded constructively to Ifto recommendations. The Kenyan government has begun aerial surveillance o f game parks and has issued advice about which areas of Nairobi are consider ed dangerous. Mr Martin Thompson, managing director of the London-based tour operator Abercrombie & Kent, says his business to Kenya fell to 30,000 trav ellers last year from 34,000 in 1991 as a result of press coverage of violen ce in the country. However, he expects business to return to 1991 levels thi s year. The Egyptian authorities, after initially criticising the western me dia for what it described as a biased, exaggerated campaign, is now taking a ctive steps to restore the country's image. It has supplied more tourist pol ice, troops and helicopters to protect visitors at sites in Upper Egypt. Bot h the government and the country's tourism industry are now hoping that this iron-fisted policy will stem the terrorist attacks. Mr Taher el-Sharif, cha irman of the Egyptian Businessman's Association says: 'The problem is we jus t don't know when this will stop - unlike the Gulf War, when we knew there w ould eventually be an end.' Mr Brackenbury says that once a destination is p erceived as being safer, recovery for the tourist industry can be swift. 'Pe ople's memories are short,' he says. Reporting by Michael Skapinker, Nikki T ait and Mark Nicholson Countries:- XAZ World. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- IND Industry profile. MKTS Shipments. GOVT Lega l issues. The Financial Times London Page 9 ============= Transaction # 27 ============================================== Transaction #: 27 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5250 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 28 ============================================== Transaction #: 28 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:57:26 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:57:26 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {tourists violence harm})" ============= Transaction # 29 ============================================== Transaction #: 29 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 6754 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 30 ============================================== Transaction #: 30 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 11:58:20 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 11:58:20 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {tourists hurt harm})" ============= Transaction # 31 ============================================== Transaction #: 31 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5859 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 32 ============================================== Transaction #: 32 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5859 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 33 ============================================== Transaction #: 33 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5859 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 34 ============================================== Transaction #: 34 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5859 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 35 ============================================== Transaction #: 35 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 5859 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 36 ============================================== Transaction #: 36 Transaction Code: 39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 52 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT922-5614 _AN-CE2ATAEZFT 9205 29 FT 29 MAY 92 / Tourist row flares in Ulster By RALPH ATKINS BELFAST < TEXT> TOURIST officials in Northern Ireland yesterday found they had promote d fury as well as holidaymaking after suggesting that inquisitiveness about the conflict between Protestants and Roman Catholics could be a selling poin t for the province. The listing by the Northern Ireland Tourist Board of the 'curiosity factor' as an important strength was condemned by politicians an d business - even if it was only acknowledging an unspoken truth: that most tourists have previously seen Northern Ireland only in grisly news pictures. Tourist board officials hurriedly made clear that its three-year corporate plan did not propose the marketing of bus tours to terrorist-hit areas of we st Belfast, or listing bed and breakfast accommodation along the 'peace line '. The emphasis would be on increasing understanding about the 'troubles', t hey said. The corporate plan says many visitors 'may be motivated to visit s imply to see why there should be such conflict in modern society'. Mr Willia m Hastings, chief executive of the Hastings hotel group, said the board was mistaken. 'The conflict still exists. Were it over, then some places, like t he walls which divide the Shankill and the Falls may be of some interest. Bu t I think we have many other things of much greater interest to offer the to urist,' he said. Mr John Taylor, Ulster Unionist MP, said: 'You don't help t he tourist industry by drawing attention to the troubles.' The Northern Irel and Office is keen to promote tourism, believing there is scope for growth - some 263,000 holidaymakers are estimated to have visited last year. But unt il now explicit mention of conflict has been shunned in favour of Northern I reland's scenic beauty. The Financial Times Londo n Page 8 ============= Transaction # 37 ============================================== Transaction #: 37 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:06:08 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:06:08 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {hurt harm}) and (topic {tourist})" ============= Transaction # 38 ============================================== Transaction #: 38 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 91 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 39 ============================================== Transaction #: 39 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT932-13562 _AN-DDVCCAHUFT 930 422 FT 22 APR 93 / Survey of Egypt (11): The wrong sort of shooting - Attacks on tourists have damaged tourism By MARK NICHOLSON This had been billed as a record break ing year. The tourism ministry had pencilled-in possible receipts of Dollars 4bn from an expected 4m visitors for the 1992/93 season, at least Dollars 1 bn better than the year earlier. The private sector was more bullish. 'The w hole industry was shooting for Dollars 5bn this year,' says Mr Taher el-Shar if, secretary general of the Egyptian Businessmen's Association. But, as any media watcher knows only too well for the tourism ministry's liking, Egypt' s tourism industry this year saw the wrong sort of shooting. A bomb at the p yramids, one outside the Egyptian museum, a tourist shot dead in Upper Egypt , two foreigners killed in a cafe bomb in downtown Cairo and other attacks o n tourist targets have devastated business. Estimates vary of the damage don e to the industry by the extremist Gama'a al-Islamiyya's campaign - which ai ms to undermine the government by attacking vital tourist trade earnings. Mr Fouad Sultan, the tourism minister, reckons trade to be a fifth down on las t year, when 3m visitors poured in Dollars 3.2bn worth of business. By the e nd of this year, he says, Egypt may have forfeited Dollars 700m in potential revenues. Others are gloomier, and suggest that business since Christmas ha s been running at half last year's levels. Some Cairo hotels in March were b arely more than a third full. Others had slashed room rates in an increasing ly savage price war. Transmed, a private charter airline, says business is d own by at least 50 per cent. Egyptair, the national carrier, says trade is 4 0 per cent lower and has postponed the purchase of three A340 Airbus jets ac cordingly. This is not the industry's first reverse in recent years. Tourist s stayed away in aeroplane loads after the 1985 Achille Lauro hijacking and riots by Cairo security police in 1986. No sooner had the industry recovered from those shocks than the Gulf war stopped the industry dead - individual tourists could have the pyramids to themselves at some points during the war . But this time visitors are being deterred not simply by general fears of t he region's instability or volatility, but by a direct campaign against tour ist targets. 'The problem is we just don't know when this will stop,' says M r el-Sharif. 'Unlike the Gulf war, when we knew there would eventually be an end'. In the meantime, the tourism ministry has been working on several fro nts to restore in potential holidaymakers' minds the image of Egypt as a saf e and sunny idyll of pyramids, pharaonic treasures and feluccas. Mr Sultan h as been tireless in attending the world's tourism fairs. He has hired Burson -Marsteller, the world's biggest public relations company, to promote more p ositive stories about Egypt in the world's press. Saatchi & Saatchi has also been enlisted to promote Egypt's fairer face. Security has been intensified anywhere tourists set foot. Policemen sit in the entrances of popular resta urants, bags are searched at all hotels. Tourist police, troops and helicopt ers have been deployed in Upper Egypt, where the Gama'a began their campaign last summer by spraying gunfire at tour buses from the cane fields next to the Nileside roads. But finally, the restoration of Egypt's tourism industry will depend most on the success of the violent crackdown by the security fo rces to eradicate the extremist threat. A considerable amount rides on such success. Many economists in Egypt, not least in international agencies guidi ng the country's economic reforms, argue tourism to be its greatest hope. Be fore the present crisis the industry was Egypt's biggest hard currency earne r, reaping Dollars 1bn or so more in 1992 than either hydrocarbon exports or Suez Canal toll receipts. Since Mr Sultan became minister in the mid 1980s, the industry has grown by an average 17.5 per cent a year. 'Tourism is the future,' says Mr John Stewart of the International Finance Corporation. 'Oil reserves are finite, the Suez has limited potential and remittances are lik ely to stay flat. Tourism is the only area where there can be real growth.' Under Mr Sultan's tutelage the private sector has also been allowed rare sco pe to flourish in the tourism industry. Tourist asset sales will also form m uch of the advance guard in Egypt's tentative first steps towards privatisin g its lumbering private sector; hotels and Nile cruisers comprising 8 of the first 20 assets or companies to be sold off this year. 'We are still barely tapping the potential,' says Mr Sultan, who believes the industry could dra w an annual 5m visitors within a year or two; 10m - as many visitors as Gree ce presently accepts - within a decade. Indeed, the scale of present investm ent in the industry is exceeded only by that of Mr Sultan's ambitions for th e sector. In a programme which anticipates the annual number of tourist nigh ts in Egypt to double to 45m from the present 22m within five years, as much as EPounds 10bn has already been committed by the private sector to add new hotel rooms and attendant infrastructure. This will add at least 25,000 roo ms to the country's stock of 55,000 by the end of 1994. Fourteen new hotels are being built at the Red Sea resort of Hurgada alone. And it is in resorts like Hurgada, rather than more traditional Egyptian holiday haunts such as Luxor, Aswan or even Cairo itself, that the boom in capacity growth is takin g place. Reaching out to attract mass tourism, adding sea, sand and sun appe al to that of its iconic historical past, the government has been handing de velopers large tracts of coastline to develop in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Sinai. Three mega-projects in these areas could alone see up to Dollars 3bn invested in the next few years. The Sahel Hashish Coast Developm ent Company has won approval for a Dollars 750m scheme to build a tourist vi llage on a stretch of Red Sea coast between Safaga and Hurgada. A consortium of investors led by the Egyptian finance Company, is sinking an initial Dol lars 150m into developing from desert a spit of land south of Hurgada into a full tourist complex, with hotels and a golf course, in a project which som e of its investors believe could finally reach Dollars 1bn. Dallah al-Baraka and a local Islamic bank are planning, in turn, a Dollars 1bn project to de velop a strip of the Mediterranean coast between Alexandria and Mersa Matruh . So far none of these projects has been hurt directly by the recent spate o f attacks or the climate of uncertainty they have provoked. Some smaller inv estors have pulled out of at least one of these projects, but they have been replaced. 'Let's just say what's been happening is not helping,' says one i nvestor, with understatement. And from the government's perspective it is vi tal that nothing should derail these investments. The reason, as Mr Sultan i s abundantly aware, is simple: jobs. 'This is the only industry in the count ry which is capable of giving the new generation in this country enough jobs ,' he says. The minister says that already one in 15 jobs in Egypt depends d irectly on tourism. After the envisaged expansion, he says it will be one in 10. A great deal, therefore, will rest on the prospects of peaceful months between now and the real start of the Egyptian tourism season in October and November. 'We believe time will prove Egypt is as safe as it was,' says Mr Sultan. But that lies outside his hands. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Industries:- P7011 Hotels and Motel s. P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMM T Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London P age VI ============= Transaction # 40 ============================================== Transaction #: 40 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11047 _AN-EHBDUABRFT 940 802 FT 02 AUG 94 / Tourists return to more peaceful Egyp t By MARK NICHOLSON CAIRO Three months free of Islamic militant attacks on tourist ta rgets has encouraged a recovery in Egypt's tourist industry, with Cairo hote ls enjoying their highest occupancy rates in more than two years. Latest tou rism ministry figures show a 4.5 per cent rise in visitors in May against th e same month last year, the first overall rise since militant groups began a ttacks on tourist buses, cruise boats and other tourist targets in late 1992 . Hoteliers say the recovery has strengthened since then. The last attacks a gainst tourist targets came in March, when a few trains were raked with gunf ire as they passed through Assiut, a heartland of militant activity in south ern Egypt. A German tourist died from injuries after gunmen fired at a Nile cruiser passing by Assiut. Since April the government has repeatedly claimed its crackdown has succeeded in breaking the main militant groups, the Gamaa al-Islamiyya and Jihad, and prevented them operating outside their traditio nal strongholds in Upper Egypt. Mr Hassan al-Alfie, interior minister, said last week: 'We have managed to encircle them and put an end to the acts of v iolence.' Mr Tony Baldry, parliamentary under-secretary at the Foreign Offic e, said during a recent visit to Egypt that he had 'every impression this wa s a situation which has been contained, understood, and dealt with'. The lul l in violence has encouraged tourism in Cairo, where five-star hotels report occupancy rates of between 85-90 per cent against an average of little over 50 per cent this time last year. 'There's been an extraordinarily good impr ovement,' said Mr Richard Bousfield, marketing director at the Cairo Semiram is Intercontinental. The bulk of Cairo's summer visitors are Gulf Arabs. Hot eliers and tour operators in Europe say it remains too early to forecast whe ther European, American and other tourists will return in large numbers duri ng the winter season, which begins in October. However, some hotels say prov isional tour bookings for next season are already twice what they were a yea r ago. 'Bookings are looking good; they're up for August and early September , and I sense already that European tour operators are beginning to respond, ' said Mr Armin Shrocker, manager of the Nile Hilton hotel. Egypt attracted a record 3.2m tourists in 1991-92 before the militant attacks, garnering har d-currency earnings calculated by the government at about Dollars 3bn (Pound s 1.9bn). It says the anti-tourism violence, designed by the Gamaa al-Islami yya militant group to attack the government by harming the economy, cost Dol lars 900m in lost revenues last year, hitting employment and investment in w hat had been Egypt's fastest-growing industry. However, diplomats and other commentators are cautious about forecasting an end to militant violence. Mor eover, the Egyptian government faces a considerable security test in early S eptember, when Cairo will attract around 20,000 participants, including prim e ministers, to the United Nations International Conference on Population an d Development. On Sunday the Gamaa al-Islamiyya broke a silence of more than two and a half months by issuing a faxed statement declaring it intended to step up violence in the Upper Egyptian town of Mallawi, 270km south of Cair o, where it claimed its members had ambushed and wounded two policemen. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Industries:- < /XX> P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. P7011 Hotels and Motels. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS Sales. STATS Statistics. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 41 ============================================== Transaction #: 41 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-12157 _AN-DJ1C4ABAFT 931 028 FT 28 OCT 93 / Tourism hit by shootings in Cairo By MARK NICHOLSON CAIRO WHATEVER the motives of the lone gunman who shot dead three fore igners as they dined late on Tuesday in the Cairo Semiramis Hotel, those in Egypt's demoralised tourist trade are resigned to the fact that they may not matter a jot. Whether the 28-year-old man arrested over the shooting was an Islamic fundamentalist or mentally disturbed, the effect is the same - to o ffer further evidence that Egypt is not a safe place for foreign visitors. M r Andrew Quinlan, the shaken manager of the Semiramis, scarcely needed to te ll reporters yesterday morning that he thought the attack would hurt already weak bookings. In the lobby, one Greek tour operator was already pulling hi s clients out of the hotel, and out of Egypt. 'We've already postponed two t rips because of violence,' he said. 'This is enough.' There is no hard evide nce that the accused man was part of an 18-month campaign waged by Islamic e xtremists to undermine the government by attacking targets in the previously flourishing tourist industry. Some witnesses claim he called out Islamic sl ogans as he fired on the two tables of foreign diners, leaving another three men seriously injured. The slain men, two Americans and a Frenchman, were l awyers attending a conference. Interior ministry officials said the gunman w as simply mentally disturbed. But there is little doubt that for whatever mo tive, he had singled out foreigners in the restaurant, where staff said ther e was the usual mix of tourists and locals, and that the attack is the grave st against visitors to Egypt in recent years. There is also no doubt that it has dealt a potentially catastrophic blow to the tourist trade, already ree ling from the effects of previous attacks. Tourist nights for the first eigh t months of the year are a third down on last year. Revenue figures from tou rism - officially calculated by multiplying tourist nights by an estimated a verage spend of Dollars 125 per visitor - are barely likely to clear Dollars 2bn this year after a record Dollars 3bn in 1991-92. This in itself is vita l, given that tourism vies with Suez canal receipts, oil exports and remitta nces as the country's main foreign exchange earner. But more worrying is the longer-term effect of the industry's decline. Of those hard currency earner s, tourism is the only one that western economists considered capable of sig nificant growth in the next few years. From the mid-1980s to the present, th e sector had grown at an average 17.5 per cent a year - far outstripping the economy's average growth of about 6 per cent over the period. More importan t to an economy with at least 20 per cent unemployment and which needs to ad d a minimum of 400,000 to 500,000 jobs a year to keep pace with labour force growth, tourism has long been the country's biggest job creator. The touris m ministry and western economists reckon about one in 15 jobs across the eco nomy depends directly on tourism. The job factor is particularly significant in Upper Egypt, both the country's poorest region and that most severely wr acked by Islamic extremist violence - two facts most observers in Egypt cons ider directly related. And it is there, rather than in the newly developed r esorts of Sinai and the Red Sea, that the tourist slump is deepest. The Nile cruise business, Upper Egypt's mainstay, is, according to one economist, 'i n outright collapse'. Hoteliers and cruise operators have already slashed pr ices, a trend many worry may lead to an irrevocable drop in standards and fa cilities. But more important is the effect of the slump on future investment and private sector confidence. The government makes no hard figures availab le on what proportion of total investment, local and foreign, has been dedic ated to tourism recently, but it is commonly accepted to be the most flouris hing sector outside the capital-intensive oil industry. 'Tourism has very ef fectively mobilised savings in the private sector - it is a real symbol of t he private sector here. That might now be under threat,' says one economist. Several big tourism investment schemes are under way, particularly in the R ed Sea and Sinai where there have been no attacks and where tourist arrivals remain healthy. Last week the International Finance Corporation, the World Bank's private sector arm, approved financing for two local companies in a D ollars 100m project to develop Ras Abu Soma, now a bare spit of the Red Sea coast, into a multi-hotel golfing and diving resort. But investment agencies in Cairo say all the schemes were entered into before the present troubles, and fresh projects have dried up. 'What we have noticed is a very sharp dro p in the number of feasibility studies being presented - almost to zero,' sa ys one agency director. In the short term there is little the industry can d o but tighten security a notch further, by installing X-ray checks on bags, and hope. The Semiramis was widely regarded as Cairo's safest hotel - it is where US secretaries of state usually stay. In the meantime, the editors of the Egyptian Gazette can only rue yesterday morning's banner headline. 'Egyp t safest place on earth,' it read, paraphrasing remarks made in Washington o n Tuesday by President Hosni Mubarak. By and large Mr Mubarak is correct. Th e streets of Egypt's towns are far safer than those of Washington or even pa rts of London. Attacks against tourists are, as the government never tires o f repeating, far fewer and less lethal than in Turkey or Miami. But try tell ing that to the tour operators. Countries:- EGZ Egyp t, Africa. Industries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. P9311 Finance, Taxation, and Monetary Policy. P9611 Administrat ion of General Economic Programs. P7011 Hotels and Motels. Ty pes:- ECON Employment & unemployment. ECON Economic Indicato rs. The Financial Times London Page 4 ============= Transaction # 42 ============================================== Transaction #: 42 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT942-1249 _AN-EFXC1AHEFT 9406 24 FT 24 JUN 94 / Survey of Norway (14): On the fast tra ck from Lillehammer - The Winter Olympics may have opened a door for upmarke t tourism By KAREN FOSSLI Norway ha s launched an ambitious campaign to encourage tourism, in the hope of capita lising on the success of the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer earlier this yea r. The target is the the big spender. For 16 days in February, spectacular i mages of the country's unspoilt nature appeared on television screens throug hout the world. During the games no fewer than 10,000 articles appeared in U S newspapers alone. No wonder superlatives abound to describe the country's natural beauty, from the midnight sun in summer to the craggy snow-capped pe aks in winter; and it helped that, during the Olympics, the sun shone every day, melting heart of almost anyone tuned in to Lillehammer. Norway believes the country is just the place for people who want to get back to nature and experience the good, clean, simple life. It certainly is not a destination for the finicky tourist, who expects the level of service and luxury found t hroughout continental Europe; and it is definitely not for those with a meag re budget. In 1993, more than 3m foreign tourists spent an estimated NKr16bn in Norway, or some NKr1bn less than the revenue generated by fish exports. If Norwegian tourists are taken into account, the spending spree reached NKr 55bn, according to the tourist board (Nortra). It calculates that, if growth in tourism runs at an annual 6 to 7 per cent, by the year 2000 foreign tour ists will contribute NKr23bn annually to the economy. This year Nortra expec ts income from tourism to expand by 10 per cent, and forecasts that no fewer than 4.5m visitors will head for Norway, more than half of them this summer , and up to 80 per cent of them purely for leisure. With tourism one of the country's fastest growing industries, many Norwegians fear that an influx of holidaymakers could harm the environment. But the foreign ministry's carefu lly targeted promotional campaign should calm anxiety that droves of shallow -pocketed travellers will descend on Norway's rugged mountains, craggy cliff s and myriad fjords. According to a senior ministry official, the typical to urist visiting Norway is seeking a 'special' holiday filled with culture, na ture and culinary delights (the country's rich seafood tradition offers ever ything from arctic cod to salmon, as well as a wide range of whale dishes). This tourist is at least 45 years old, travels without children and does not mind packing wellingtons and rain gear. He or she would not normally compla in about prices, and is likely to be a mid-level executive and a culture ent husiast. 'This is exactly the group we are targeting,' explained the ministr y spokesman. 'We have no plans to expand our marketing efforts to attract yo uth, the masses or others outside this group, because our product could be d estroyed. 'We are not looking for the big numbers, but the big spenders. It' s more interesting for us to attract, say, a German executive who returns to Norway year after year.' According to a survey undertaken ahead of the game s, the impact of the Lillehammer Olympics alone - the so-called 'OL effect' - could increase tourism by an estimated 5 per cent this year. The foreign m inistry began to devise its strategy for capitalising interest in Norway lon g before the games ended, and it aims this year to undertake substantial med ia campaigns in the US, Germany, the UK and other European countries. Last a utumn, together with the Norwegian Soccer Association, it embarked on a prom otional campaign that is culminating during the current World Cup, where a w ide cross-section of foreigners has gathered. Plans include a video-taped No rwegian current affairs programme for television, business seminars, cultura l events and presentations of Norwegian food. There is also a three-year age nda of high-profile cultural events in the US and Spain next year, and in Ja pan in 1997. These include a Norwegian film festival, in co-operation with t he Museum of Modern Art in New York, and concerts by the Norwegian Chamber O rchestra and Trondheim Soloists. Norway not only sees an opportunity to boos t tourism by exploiting the image conveyed to the world during the games, it also believes that business and industry can benefit from the global exposu re of the country's involvement in other recent important events - for examp le, its role as mediator in the historic peace agreement between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organisation. 'There is a link between extensive me dia coverage and the export of Norwegian goods and services,' said Mr Jan Eg eland, state secretary of the foreign ministry, who was directly involved in the peace negotiations. In the three years before the Winter Olympics, tour ism rose by 30 per cent, helped by a surge in interest from Britain, Germany , Holland, and the US. Yet, for all the efforts in marketing Norway abroad, there is work to be done at home to remove awkward idiosyncrasies that can f rustrate and disappoint visitors. Nortra admits that there is some way to go in improving the service-mindedness of Norwegians, to encourage them not to close shops during holidays and weekends and other peak traffic periods, al though progress has been made in recent years. Nortra disputes claims that N orwegian prices are on the whole far higher than elsewhere in Europe, partic ularly when it comes to accommodation. It urges visitors, for example, to ne gotiate prices for hotel rooms, particularly in Oslo where capacity is norma lly abundant. But tourists may be shocked to find that the cost of a half-li tre of beer in a pub can be more than NKr40 (Pounds 3.70) and that for a mod est dinner for two, including a bottle of table wine, they will have to pay at least NKr700. A large pizza alone can cost up to NKr250. Prices like thes e make extended stays for families almost prohibitive; and many activities, such as concerts, cruises and mountain hiking, are geared more towards adult s than children. One of the fastest growing segments of the domestic tourist industry is that of the recreational vehicle traveller. But Norway acknowle dges it is little equipped to accommodate such vehicles; few RV parks exist, and there are few chemical and waste receptacles for dumping effluent gener ated by RVs. Nortra forecasts that between 60,000 and 100,000 RVs will motor around the country this year, representing a 20 per cent increase over 1993 . There are about 970 inspected and classified camping sites, some of which offer hook-up facilities for electricity, showers and toilets. Camping fees range between Dollars 10 to Dollars 22 a night, while cabins can be rented f or Dollars 29 to Dollars 90 a night. Not unexpectedly, Norwegian travel broc hures make little mention of RV facilities, but focus primarily on sightseei ng by rail, boat, bus or car. But if you drive, expect to pay the highest pe trol prices in Europe, running at about NKr7.50 a litre. Countr ies:- NOZ Norway, West Europe. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comm ent & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 43 ============================================== Transaction #: 43 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 5 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT922-2397 _AN-CFQA6ADGFT 9206 17 FT 17 JUN 92 / Survey of Madeira (4): A balmy resort off the beaten track - Tourism is the islands' leading source of revenue By ALISON MAITLAND MADEIRA'S natural b eauty, temperate climate and lack of crime are its greatest attractions, acc ording to tourists questioned in a recent survey carried out for the regiona l government. What spoiled things, they said, was the heavy traffic, noise a nd pollution in the capital, Funchal, where the holiday hotels are concentra ted. At Reid's, the palatial 101-year-old hotel that caters to the top end o f the tourist market, a related concern is frequently expressed. 'What guest s don't like is all this building work,' says Mr Peter Spath, the hotel's Ge rman-born general manager. 'They have seen other examples like the Canaries and Torremolinos, and they're scared it will become the same here.' These tw o complaints epitomise the difficulty facing Madeira's tourist industry: how to achieve further growth without harming the island's natural assets and a ntagonising the very segment of the market on which tourism depends most hea vily. The majority of tourists are middle-aged or elderly people from Britai n, Germany and Scandinavia, who escape the north European winter for the tra nquillity and balmy temperatures of an Atlantic island lying 400 miles west of Morocco. A good proportion come back again and again. Madeira has attract ed tourists for 200 years, building its reputation in the last century as a health resort for Europe's wealthy and titled. At first they came on ocean l iners, later on flying boats, until the opening of the airport at Funchal in 1964 put the island on the modern tourist map. It has so far avoided the ma ss market - there are, for example, only 15,000 hotel beds compared with nea rly 200,000 in the Canaries, and they are concentrated in four-and five-star hotels. But tourism is profitable and the industry is expanding fast. It ha s become Madeira's leading source of revenue, contributing 23 per cent of GD P and employing about a fifth of the workforce directly and indirectly. Toda y, Madeira depends on tour operators for nearly 70 per cent of its market. T he change is not to every islander's taste. 'We're even getting tourists who bring their own food,' sniffs an elderly expatriate. In the past few years, many summer visitors have begun to arrive from Portugal, Spain, Italy and F rance. The low season is confined to May and June, and international confere nces are being encouraged to take up the slack. About 470,000 visitors are e xpected this year, the same number as last year, when Madeira benefited from an extra influx of tourists scared away from the Mediterranean by the Gulf war. The success of the industry inevitably suggests further growth. Demand is reflected in the 75 per cent occupancy rate in Madeira's hotels. Ageing p opulations in Europe and America mean more, better-off customers with time o n their hands, and Madeira has a particularly young population available to serve them. But the government is aware of the dangers of rapid development. 'The quality of the environment will be important,' says Mr Miguel de Sousa , vice-president in charge of the economy. 'People will seek quality. If Mad eira is successful, it will be on that basis.' The plan is therefore to limi t the increase in accommodation so that the island has a maximum of 22,000 b eds by the end of the century and to set guidelines for new developments. Mr Carlos Alberto Silva, director of tourism, admits that Madeira has not been strict enough with developers in the past. 'Now we're making new investment s more sensitive, using roofs with tiles to keep the local character,' he sa ys. High-rise concrete hotels are still springing up in and around Funchal, but there are examples of more harmonious building, such as the 38 apartment s and six town houses that comprise the luxurious Reid's Gardens development , with red-tiled roofs and architecture which blends with the famous hotel o n the promontory above. The government is encouraging new, smaller hotels an d guesthouses in the west of the island. A highway between Funchal and Ribei ra Brava, 40 km to the west, is due to be finished at the end of 1994. It wi ll cut the journey from half an hour to 10 minutes and bring the countryside to the city, says Mr Silva. It will also ease the congestion in Funchal, wh ere half the island's 250,000 people live. Another important development wil l be the 1,000-metre extension of the airport runway, due to be completed in 1996 or 1997. This will allow intercontinental flights, enabling the island to promote itself in the US and Japan, and in South America, where many Mad eiran emigrants live. Few young families come to Madeira because it has no s andy beaches. But there is a 9km beach on Porto Santo, an hour and half's bo at ride or 15 minutes' flight away. The number of beds there has doubled to 800 in the past three years, and further expansion is planned, up to a maxim um of 2,500 beds, in the hope that tour operators will begin to sell package holidays there - the island, although otherwise undeveloped, has a 3,000 me tre runway. The lack of beaches on Madeira has encouraged the industry to de velop other outdoor activities and niche markets. Deep sea fishing and divin g is becoming popular. Two new golf courses, of 18 and 27 holes, are under c onstruction outside Funchal. Up to 30 different walks are available along th e irrigation channels, or levadas, that criss-cross the mountains. For the b usiness market, a 1,500-capacity conference centre is due to open in two yea rs' time outside Funchal. So far there has been little foreign investment, b ut some of the big international hotel chains are beginning to show an inter est. All this bodes well for the industry, though not in every case for the environment. Some islanders and long-standing visitors fear that Madeira's b eauty will be ruined by tourism. Others are more optimistic, believing that the island's cliff-lined coasts and rugged, inhospitable interior will prove their own best defence against the excesses of man. The Financ ial Times London Page 34 ============= Transaction # 44 ============================================== Transaction #: 44 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 6 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-1884 _AN-DCXAWAFKFT 9303 23 FT 23 MAR 93 / Egypt focuses firepower on militants: Islamic extremists have forced Cairo to write off tourist revenues By MARK NICHOLSON EGYPT'S government seems t o have decided to write off the rest of this year's tourist season. A couple of weeks ago, the government did its best to play down the recent attacks b y Islamic militants on tourists. It blamed the media for exaggerating their gravity and hired Saatchi & Saatchi to burnish the country's image abroad. G overnment spokesmen said violence by the Gama'a al-Islamiyya, the extremist group aiming to install an Islamic state in Egypt, had peaked and that 90 pe r cent of its members had been captured in security sweeps late last year an d early this. The government seemed determined to rescue what it could of it s tourist revenues, which according to Mr Fouad Sultan, tourism minister, ar e 20 per cent down on last year's record levels, when the industry earned Eg ypt a precious Dollars 3.2bn (Pounds 2.25bn). Non-government estimates sugge st revenues might in fact be down by half or more. Now, however, the governm ent appears to have decided that it is more important to take the fight to t he militants than keep Egypt comfortingly out of the news. Since the start o f this month, which saw the most violent clashes between police and militant s in a decade, a series of raids on Gama'a hideouts and, in one case, a full mosque in Aswan has left more than 40 people dead, including at least 10 po licemen. The government denies it is operating a shoot-to-kill policy agains t the Islamic militants, but is taking massive firepower with it in raids on suspected hideouts. More than 1,000 police, some armed with rocket-propelle d grenades, for instance, took part in a nine-hour shoot-out in Asyut this w eek in which 10 militants were killed. The decision to step up the campaign against the Gama'a appears to reflect two discomforting factors for the gove rnment. The first is that its claim to have rooted out the militants has pro ven unfounded. Police and troops continue to be shot and killed in sporadic incidents in both Upper Egypt - the Gama'a's chief stronghold - and Cairo. E ven in the face of tougher policing and tighter security at all main tourist spots, the Gama'a still managed to blow up tourist buses last week outside the Egyptian museum, a prime tourist attraction. Yesterday it vowed to aveng e the Asyut killings with more attacks in Cairo. The second factor is that t he Gama'a's aim of hurting the economy, as a means of destabilising the gove rnment, has been disconcertingly successful. Not only is the tourism industr y, the country's fastest growing and potentially most lucrative, likely to l ose about Dollars 700m this year, but some investors in Egypt's ambitious to urism development projects are reported to be getting cold feet. Businessmen have also been increasingly skittish since the Gama'a said they might direc t attacks at foreign investments in the country. Earlier this week the US em bassy called in members of the American business community to reassure them that there was no reason to panic. But it is a sign of the concern among bus inessmen that most say they unreservedly back the use of considerable violen ce against the extremists. 'The government must be very, very brutal indeed, ' says one. There is a wide divergence of views among businessmen, diplomats and other observers as to the real gravity of the militants' threat. But fe w doubt that the considerable might of Egypt's security forces can contain i t - even if it not at once. 'The next three months will be very difficult fo r the government to control the situation,' says one leading businessman. 'B ut for my money I'd prefer it this way, to have it out in the open. Let's ge t on with it and get it finished.' Few, however, believe that force alone wi ll eradicate the threat from militant Islamic groups. In fact, the governmen t has employed more weapons against the Islamic militants than just guns, an d broadened its attack to include the officially banned Moslem Brotherhood, which for 60 years has represented Egypt's main Islamic political grouping a nd commands significant support. Parliament has passed a law aimed at making it more difficult for the Brotherhood to dominate the elections to professi onal syndicates, most of which they control. The government is trying to bri ng all the country's mosques under state control and supply the texts for th e Friday sermon. The government is also planning to improve services in some of the country's worst slums and increase investment in the poorest parts o f Upper Egypt, where poverty is believed to offer the Gama'a fertile ground for recruitment among Egypt's thousands of disillusioned, young unemployed. But there are growing calls in Egypt for more radical action. 'The governmen t should have an integrated policy to change the society religiously, econom ically and socially,' says Mr Said Ashmawy, chief justice of the supreme cou rt for state security, who believes that without radical changes to liberali se its administration, de-Islamicise the state media and reform the country' s education system, 'terrorism unfortunately will last for many years'. That would be profoundly bad news for the Egyptian government, which faces polit ical hurdles enough in pushing through tough economic reforms under joint IM F and World Bank programmes. Equally, the recent violence gives the governme nt a political card to play with the IMF when it opens negotiations on a sec ond agreement with the Fund in the next few weeks. When President Hosni Muba rak meets President Clinton in Washington early next month he will almost ce rtainly underline the terrorist threat when the administration brings up the subject of US aid, of which Egypt is the second biggest recipient after Isr ael. Countries:- EGZ Egypt, Africa. Indus tries:- P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. P92 29 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- GOVT Governme nt News. The Financial Times London Page 6 ============= Transaction # 45 ============================================== Transaction #: 45 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 7 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-12232 _AN-DGZB2AANFT 930 726 FT 26 JUL 93 / Turkish tourist site hit by blast By REUTER ISTANBUL A BOMB exploded yes-terday at a tourist site in central Istanbul, inj uring an Italian tourist and three Turks, Reuter reports from Istanbul. The Anatolian news agency quoted police as saying that the bomb had been left in a litter basket under an automated bank teller machine near the sixth-centu ry Haghia Sophia Cathedral. Separatist rebels of the Kurdistan Workers' Part y (PKK) meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists in south-eastern Turkey yes terday. However, it was not immediately clear whether the bomb attack was co nnected with threats by the outlawed secessionist party to attack Turkish to urist sites. Police said that the Italian tourist at the bombing site was sl ightly injured. The three Turks were also slightly hurt. The bombing is not reported to have caused any damage to the Haghia Sophia, which is one of the world's most celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture. C ountries:- TRZ Turkey, Middle East. Industries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page 3

============= Transaction # 46 ============================================== Transaction #: 46 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 8 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-4834 _AN-EIGDVACNFT 9409 07 FT 07 SEP 94 / Survey of Enterprise in Wales (3): Fro m slagheaps to showpieces - Tourism By RICHARD EVANS To suggest a holiday in industrial South Wales would have seemed an unkind joke a decade ago, despite the nearby attractions of the Br econ Beacons and the Pembrokeshire and Gower coasts. Nowadays, a drive up th e former mining valleys shows how much the character of the area has altered in a few years. Preconceptions of valleys scarred by slagheaps, abandoned s teelworks and an air of hopelessness are soon dispelled. Over Pounds 136m ha s been spent on greening the countryside and developing tourist attractions, and beautiful hills and parkland now cover most of the ugly coaltip scars. There are forest walks, heritage parks and industrial and craft museums to a ttract the visitor. The valleys of industrial south Wales are joining the gl ories of the coastline, the mountains of the north and the green solitude of mid-Wales to embrace the tourist. Tourism has always been an important part of the Welsh economy, but until recently it was relatively low key, fragmen ted and under-capitalised. It consisted mostly of traditional family summer holidays in Llandudno and Rhyl in the north or Tenby and Porthcawl in the so uth, plus hikers and others attracted to the national parks of Snowdonia, th e Brecon Beacons and the Pembrokeshire coast. Two factors have changed attit udes dramatically, however, and led to a much more coherent, structured stud y of the industry and how it should be developed. The first has been the ste ady decline of traditional industries such as coalmining and steel in south Wales, agriculture in rural mid and north Wales, and more recently, defence industries and air bases in west Wales. With a need to create jobs, the prin cipality had to exploit its tourist assets: a beautiful countryside, histori c castles, churches and Roman and Celtic antiquities, plus a distinctive lan guage and culture. The second trigger for reform and development is the chan ging holiday habits of the British. As people began to opt for the guarantee d sunshine of Spain and Greece, Wales found itself too dependent on the trad itional family summer holiday. Hence, it had to offer fresh attractions. In its first development plan launched over five years ago, the Wales Tourist B oard put up Pounds 23m of pump-priming capital, which stimulated investment of Pounds 171m. That helped create 3,500 full-time equivalent jobs. Tourism is now an increasingly significant industry, employing 95,000 or 9 per cent of the workforce, and earning Pounds 1.3bn for the Welsh economy. Some 9m pe ople visit Wales a year. The intention, revealed earlier this year in a stud y called Tourism 2000, is to create 10,000 more jobs directly or indirectly, turning tourism into a Pounds 2bn a year industry by the turn of the centur y. Mr Paul Loveluck, WTB's chief executive, says: 'We will target our effort s at certain overseas markets and at increasing the range of attractions for those seeking short breaks or second holidays.' Development programmes are planned for coastal resort regeneration in Tenby, Porthcawl and Llandudno; i n the historic town of Caernarfon; for country holidays; customer care; and for golf, walking and cycling holidays. A prime requirement, particularly in the coastal areas most vulnerable to changing holiday patterns, is to attra ct visitors more evenly throughout the year. There are indica tions this is beginning to happen. In general, the 'shoulder' months of May-June and Septe mber-October have seen a slow but steady growth from second holidays and sho rt breaks. In recent years, there has been a decline in visitors in the peak holiday months, together with a trend towards later booking and discounting . However, this year's fine weather and the economic upturn have brought an increase in hotel occupancy figures over the very poor 1993 season. For exam ple, Mr George Pearsall, proprietor of the Plas Morfa hotel on the coast bet ween Aberystwyth and Cardigan, has seen a rise of 25 per cent in occupancy r ates so far this year. Another major requirement is to attract visitors who spend more money in the principality. This is being achieved by targeting ov erseas visitors, developing areas of tourism such as golf and yachting, and by improving hotel accommodation and car parking facilities. There are relat ively few top class hotels in Wales, but the standard of accommodation has b een improved greatly by the introduction of a quality grading system. Wales has fared relatively badly in attracting foreign visitors, with under 4 per cent of the UK total compared with 9.5 per cent for Scotland, and efforts ar e being made to improve this. Two years ago the WTB was allowed to market it self overseas separately from the British Tourist Authority, something Scotl and has done for a decade. The key target market is the US, and a network of 1,500 travel agents has been built up in east and west coast cities to prom ote Wales as part of a UK tour or as a destination in its own right. Over 30 0 US travel agents have been brought to Wales for training visits and they r eceive regular updates on new attractions and facilities. Seminars on touris m in Wales are being held throughout the US next month. Other markets being researched are Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Ireland and Japan. (There appeared to be a big increase in Dutch, German and French car numberplates in the byways of rural mid-Wales this summer.) Over the nex t three years the WTB plans to double its overseas marketing budget from Pou nds 750,000 to Pounds 1.5m. Mr Loveluck expects overseas visitors to increas e by 6 per cent compared with a 2.5 per cent rise in UK tourists. It is acce pted that tourism development must not be allowed to harm the environment or the heritage that draws visitors to Wales. But even this can be controversi al territory. Plans to clear and green some of the remaining slagheaps aroun d Ebbw Vale are now being criticised for destroying the country's industrial heritage. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CM MT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 47 ============================================== Transaction #: 47 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 9 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-12228 _AN-DGZB2AARFT 930 726 FT 26 JUL 93 / Four hurt in Turk bombing By Agencies A BOMB injured three foreign touri sts and a Turk at a tourist site in central Istanbul, yesterday, agencies re port. It was not immediately clear whether the blast was connected with thre ats by the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to attack Turkish touri st sites. But it coincided with other violence blamed on the PKK. Armed PKK rebels meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists from a bus in south-eastern Turkey. In another incident, a mine planted on a railway exploded near the t own of Bingol, derailing a passenger train. Two soldiers protecting the trai n were killed and three other people on board were injured. Officials blamed the PKK for the attack. Police said the Istanbul bomb had been left in a li tter basket under an automated bank teller machine near the sixth-century Ha ghia Sophia Cathedral. The tourists, two of them Italians, and the Turk were all slightly injured. No damage was reported to the Haghia Sophia, one of t he world's most celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture. Countries:- TRZ Turkey, Middle East. Industries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page 3 < /PAGE> ============= Transaction # 48 ============================================== Transaction #: 48 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT924-14658 _AN-CJHBUAGFFT 921 008 FT 08 OCT 92 / Survey on Austria (11): Hotel owners calculate carefully - Tourism aims at quality By IAN RODGER FOR AUSTRIA'S ambitious tourism industry, a good ye ar may not be good enough. After several years of rapid expansion in the num ber of visitors and in tourism revenue, Austria's most important industry is expecting a significant growth slowdown for 1992, primarily because of the world recession. Revenue from tourism will still reach a new record high, bu t hotel owners and tour operators are talking about a crisis. 'The profitabi lity of hotels is very poor, it is a real problem both in the cities and the resorts,' says Mr Michael Raffling, head of the hotel and restaurant sectio n in the Austrian chamber of commerce. Following years of heavy investment i n expanding and upgrading facilities, many hotel owners are heavily indebted and are being hurt by high European interest rates. Any difficulties fillin g beds are often solved by offering heavy discounts on room prices, which te nds to depress profits further, he says. 'We are advising hotel owners to ca lculate carefully. We tell them not to subsidise their guests,' Mr Raffling says. Instead, he says hotels could attract more visitors by focusing on spe cial groups such as skiers, golfers or fitness fanatics, who are willing the pay the full price if their interests are met. Tourism experts who are not affiliated with the hotel industry do not see any fundamental problems behin d the growth slowdown. The extremely hot weather in central Europe this summ er has hurt some resorts because many Austrians decided to stay at home whil e Germans went to the cooler Baltic sea resorts, says Mr Paul Schimka, head of the tourism section in the chamber of commerce. The main cities of Vienna and Salzburg, where hotels rely heavily on US and British visitors, had suf fered a major setback last year because of the Gulf war, and are only recove ring modestly so far this year. Recession in the US and Britain and the weak dollar are keeping those groups of tourists away, Mr Schimka says. But he e xpects the winter season to be very strong 'because last year's heavy snowfa ll was the best advertisement we could get.' Mr Egon Smeral, tourism forecas ter at the Austrian Economic Research Institute (WIFO), is expecting a reven ue increase of 5 per cent or less from the record ASch364bn earned from tour ism in 1991. This is less than targets set early in the year, but it will ke ep the country on a long-term growth track well above its main European comp etitors. 'Austria is gaining market share,' Mr Smeral says. 'Last year, tour ism in Europe declined, and this year it is stagnating, but in Austria it is still growing.' The country continues to benefit indirectly from the war in what was formerly Yugoslavia, because tourists who might have gone there go to Austria instead. Reports of pollution in the Mediterranean may have also worked in Austria's favour. Austria is investing heavily in advertising, an d a series of exhibitions on the Hapsburg empire is generating good publicit y as far as San Francisco and Tokyo. The number of overnight stays, which cl imbed 5.3 per cent to 130 million last year, is likely to stagnate in 1992, but experts say this is no reason to worry. The industry is focusing on qual ity rather than mass tourism, and cheap private beds are quickly disappearin g. The opening of Eastern Europe has brought less of an influx of low-budget tourists than many had expected. In the early days after the collapse of th e Berlin wall, hordes of tourists in rickety coaches would arrive in Vienna at weekends for a look at the city's treasures and depart after spending alm ost nothing. But both the coaches and the tourists' spending power have impr oved significantly, tourism officials say. The Financial Times London Page IV ============= Transaction # 49 ============================================== Transaction #: 49 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 11 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT911-2050 _AN-BEBBRAAWFT 9105 02 FT 02 MAY 91 / Environment warning to tourism industr y By DAVID CHURCHILL, Leisure Industries Corresponde nt THE TOURISM industry was warned yesterday that it must t ackle the problem of 'tourist blight' on the environment if it was to surviv e and prosper. Mr Michael Howard, employment secretary, said: 'The glitterin g prospects that the tourism industry has will be tarnished unless it takes its responsibilities to the environment seriously.' He was speaking in Londo n yesterday after the publication of a working party's report on tourism and the environment. The party, drawn from all sides of the industry, urged gre ater contribution to schemes to help protect the environment from excessive numbers of tourists and developments. Mr Howard said that the English Touris t Board was conducting pilot studies to find the best way of coping with lar ge numbers of tourists. The studies will focus initially on Windsor, the Cum brian uplands, and the emerging tourism area of Castlefield near Manchester. Mr Howard said tourism contributed Pounds 24bn to the economy and that near ly 1.5m people worked in the sector. However, the influx of tourists to Brit ain - nearly 18m last year - was harming the environment. The report identif ied problems such as overcrowding in towns including York and Brighton. It a dded that wash from pleasure boats on the Norfolk Broads was seen to be erod ing river banks. Consumers are suspicious that manufacturers are making envi ronmental claims to push up prices, says a survey published yesterday by the Mintel research group. The survey, of more than 1,300 adults, found that al most six out of every 10 supported 'green' products but were not prepared to pay more than a 5 per cent premium for such goods. Mintel's survey suggests that customers of the Sainsbury, Tesco and Gateway supermarket chains were most interested in 'green' products. The Green Consumer 1991, Mintel, 18-19 Long Lane, London. EC1. Pounds 750. The Financial Times London Page 7 ============= Transaction # 50 ============================================== Transaction #: 50 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 12 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-5958 _AN-DKZCOAGYFT 9311 26 FT 26 NOV 93 / Survey of Gloucestershire (9): Council s unite to welcome visitors - Tourism / One of the county's main industries By ROLAND ADBURGHAM It is as evocat ive a litany as any in England: Sheepscombe, Coln St Aldwyns, Windrush and B irdlip. The names of Cotswold villages conjure up the image of limestone cot tages, drystone walls, sparkling streams and wooded valleys, an image which helps to bring 11m visitors a year to the county. In consequence, tourism ha s become one of the four leading industries in Gloucestershire with spending by visitors in 1992 put at Pounds 212m. Over 17,000 people are employed by the industry and, on the calculation that each job supports one half of anot her elsewhere, it is reckoned that it sustains one in 10 of all jobs in the county. During the recession, as elsewhere in Britain, tourism has suffered, and there have been job losses, but fewer than in other important sectors o f the local economy. In 1992, visitor numbers to attractions were down by ab out 2 per cent on 1991. This year has seen no real recovery, although overse as visitors, encouraged by the devaluation of sterling, have helped to some extent. About one in five visitors come from abroad, but they account for ov er a third of all tourist spending, partly because so many of the other visi tors -9.5m of the 11m total - are on day trips. Although the Cotswolds are almost synonymous with Gloucestershire - nearly all their 800 square miles l ie within its boundaries - they are only one reason why people want to visit the county. 'The great thing with Gloucestershire is that the county itself is a draw, rather than any one component within it,' says Mr Colin Potts, p rincipal tourism officer of Gloucestershire Tourism, an innovative marketing and development partnership set up seven years ago by the county council an d six district councils. The partnership acts a co-ordinator of these counci ls' individual programmes and as a link with the Heart of England Tourist Bo ard. For example, Gloucestershire Tourism promotes directly in the US a guid e for travel agents with hotel prices quoted in dollars. (The US is the main country of origin among overseas visitors, followed by the Netherlands and Germany.) The county benefits by being able to offer what Mr Potts describes as 'quintessentially English countryside' within reach of Heathrow, Gatwick and Birmingham airports. 'First timers to Britain will usually go to London first,' he says. 'But for those who have been to London before, we are a ve ry good first stop - after a flight arriving in the early morning, one can b e in a lovely country-house hotel in perfect English countryside by early af ternoon.' Despite the appeal of the Cotswolds, the county is keen to divert visitors away from the obvious, and sometimes overcrowded, honeypots. In fac t, the most popular single attraction is not in the Cotswolds but Gloucester cathedral, where visitors in 1992 were estimated at 450,000. Gloucester, wh ile lacking the regency splendours and quality shops of Cheltenham (and it c an boast only one restaurant in the latest Good Food Guide, compared with Ch eltenham's four) also has its historic docks. The restoration of these has b een the single most important tourist development in the county in the past 10 years. The docks, connecting the river Severn with the Gloucester and Sha rpness canal, no longer have any commercial shipping. But the 15 handsome Vi ctorian warehouses now include shops, the National Waterways and Regiments o f Gloucestershire museums and the Robert Opie collection of advertising and packaging. An antiques centre in one warehouse had nearly 400,000 visitors i n 1992. English Heritage is restoring another of the city's antiques, the 13 th century Blackfriars Dominican friary, which is expected to become a big t ourist attraction. The city has improved its appeal for visitors and residen ts alike by pedestrianising part of its centre. Mr David Scott, director of planning and development services, says: 'I think there is a sense of optimi sm in the city that we've got tremendous assets; we're making the best of th ose assets, and we're going to go on improving them.' Elsewhere in Glouceste rshire are such inspired gardens as Hidcote Manor and Owlpen Manor. There ar e the Stroud valleys, the Westonbirt arboretum, Tewkesbury Abbey, the Wildfo wl and Wetlands Trust at Slimbridge, the roman town of Cirencester and Chelt enham itself, with its art gallery, Pittville Pump Room and festivals of lit erature and music. On the other side of the Severn is the Forest of Dean, wh ich the walker John Hillaby described as 'perhaps the most beautiful assembl y of trees in Britain.' In the south is the Cotswolds water park, flooded gr avel workings which are claimed to have a greater water area than the Norfol k Broads. We took the Romantic Road, an ingenious route through quiet Cotswo ld lanes devised by Cheltenham Tourism. Despite finding that, even in Octobe r, three quality hotels along the way were fully booked, on the road itself we saw more pheasants than cars. (At the Country Elephant restaurant, at Pai nswick, it was hare rather than pheasant on the menu.) Gloucestershire will want to keep it that way. Mr Potts says: 'Our greatest asset is the natural environment, and our challenge is to encourage sustainable tourism to mainta in that environment. We want to encourage visitors in the countryside to hel p sustain farms and village shops, but in such a way that they don't harm th e environment.' He points out that the contraction of some other industries will put even more emphasis on tourism, but that it is vital that the county does not become over-reliant upon it, as have some seaside areas. Glouceste rshire Tourism is now devising a strategy for the next five years, and is en couraging such activities as walking and cycling and the use of local servic es. The challenge, Mr Potts says, is to have a good tourism policy under the threat of funding cuts, with no grants available to encourage tourist devel opment, and to counter what he calls the government's 'woefully inadequate' funding of tourism in England, compared with the much more generous funding for Wales and Scotland. Overnight visitors themselves might themselves requi re generous funding. A couple staying, for example, in a four-poster bedroom with jacuzzi bath at the Swan Hotel at Bibury could pay Pounds 176 for one night's bed and breakfast. But Mr Potts says this type of hotel has weathere d the recession better than some middle-ranking ones. This may prove that Gl oucestershire must continue to trade on quality rather than mere numbers. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industr ies:- P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page IV ============= Transaction # 51 ============================================== Transaction #: 51 Transaction Code: 23 (Saved Recs. Viewed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 52 ============================================== Transaction #: 52 Transaction Code: 26 (Saved Recs. Cleared) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 53 ============================================== Transaction #: 53 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 54 ============================================== Transaction #: 54 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:09:08 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:09:08 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {tropic}) and (topic {storm})" ============= Transaction # 55 ============================================== Transaction #: 55 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 41 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 56 ============================================== Transaction #: 56 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-1514 _AN-EIWEEAFMFT 9409 23 FT 23 SEP 94 / UK Company News: Geest warns of second half loss - Shares fall as damage to banana production takes toll By DAVID BLACKWELL The aftermath of the trop ical storm that severely damaged banana production in the Windward Islands w ill push Geest, the fresh and chilled food group, into the red in the second half. Shares fell 30p to 190p yesterday following the warning from Mr David Sugden, chief executive, who presented a strong set of interim results. Pre -tax profits rose from Pounds 3m to Pounds 17.9m for the six months to July 2 on turnover ahead at Pounds 353.8m (Pounds 332.7m). 'The business has been performing well, but is overshadowed by considerable uncertainty,' said Mr Sugden, referring to the European Commission's laxity in responding to the c ompany's plea for permission to purchase replacement bananas in Latin Americ a. The EC banana management committee failed to agree on Wednesday on measur es that would allow Geest to purchase alternative bananas from Latin America under the EC quota system. The committee does not meet again until October 5. Tropical Storm Debbie hit the Windward Islands earlier this month, causin g extensive flooding around St Lucia and damage to roads and bridges. Geest, which is under contract to ship all the islands' bananas, estimates that ou tput will be 40 per cent down. Last week the first ship to arrive since the storm was half full. The company is expecting to load only 2,400 tonnes a we ek, compared with a normal load of 4,000 tonnes. The first half, however, sh owed the company recovering from the uncertainties surrounding the EC banana regime, introduced last July, as well as an attack of disease on its Costa Rican plantations, which left it Pounds 5.4m in the red at the end of last y ear. Operating profits in the fresh produce division improved from Pounds 2m to Pounds 15m on sales of Pounds 285.6m (Pounds 276.5m). The food preparati on division, which supplies chilled salads and other products, lifted operat ing profits from Pounds 3.3m to Pounds 4.2m on sales of Pounds 66.6m (Pounds 54.4m). The result this time included an exceptional gain of Pounds 2.5m fr om a disposal. Net interest payable rose from Pounds 500,000 to Pounds 3.2m. Earnings per share were 18.9p (2.7p). The interim dividend is unchanged at 3.7p. COMMENT While the problems of disease in Costa Rica appear to have gon e away, Geest's troubles with the European Commission and the banana regime are not over yet, thanks to Tropical Storm Debbie. In spite of its successfu l efforts to boost its food preparation division, the group remains vulnerab le to the banana industry, which is highly political and subject to natural disaster. It has also only two main areas of supply, leaving it looking infl exible beside companies that source more widely. Adding to its problems is g earing of more than 100 per cent. Best guesses at this year's final outcome seem to be around Pounds 9m of profits - better than last year but a far cry from 1991's Pounds 26.2m. See Commodities Companies:- Geest. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P5148 Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Types :- FIN Interim results. CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS P roduction. The Financial Times London Page 28 ============= Transaction # 57 ============================================== Transaction #: 57 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-1514 _AN-EIWEEAFMFT 9409 23 FT 23 SEP 94 / UK Company News: Geest warns of second half loss - Shares fall as damage to banana production takes toll By DAVID BLACKWELL The aftermath of the trop ical storm that severely damaged banana production in the Windward Islands w ill push Geest, the fresh and chilled food group, into the red in the second half. Shares fell 30p to 190p yesterday following the warning from Mr David Sugden, chief executive, who presented a strong set of interim results. Pre -tax profits rose from Pounds 3m to Pounds 17.9m for the six months to July 2 on turnover ahead at Pounds 353.8m (Pounds 332.7m). 'The business has been performing well, but is overshadowed by considerable uncertainty,' said Mr Sugden, referring to the European Commission's laxity in responding to the c ompany's plea for permission to purchase replacement bananas in Latin Americ a. The EC banana management committee failed to agree on Wednesday on measur es that would allow Geest to purchase alternative bananas from Latin America under the EC quota system. The committee does not meet again until October 5. Tropical Storm Debbie hit the Windward Islands earlier this month, causin g extensive flooding around St Lucia and damage to roads and bridges. Geest, which is under contract to ship all the islands' bananas, estimates that ou tput will be 40 per cent down. Last week the first ship to arrive since the storm was half full. The company is expecting to load only 2,400 tonnes a we ek, compared with a normal load of 4,000 tonnes. The first half, however, sh owed the company recovering from the uncertainties surrounding the EC banana regime, introduced last July, as well as an attack of disease on its Costa Rican plantations, which left it Pounds 5.4m in the red at the end of last y ear. Operating profits in the fresh produce division improved from Pounds 2m to Pounds 15m on sales of Pounds 285.6m (Pounds 276.5m). The food preparati on division, which supplies chilled salads and other products, lifted operat ing profits from Pounds 3.3m to Pounds 4.2m on sales of Pounds 66.6m (Pounds 54.4m). The result this time included an exceptional gain of Pounds 2.5m fr om a disposal. Net interest payable rose from Pounds 500,000 to Pounds 3.2m. Earnings per share were 18.9p (2.7p). The interim dividend is unchanged at 3.7p. COMMENT While the problems of disease in Costa Rica appear to have gon e away, Geest's troubles with the European Commission and the banana regime are not over yet, thanks to Tropical Storm Debbie. In spite of its successfu l efforts to boost its food preparation division, the group remains vulnerab le to the banana industry, which is highly political and subject to natural disaster. It has also only two main areas of supply, leaving it looking infl exible beside companies that source more widely. Adding to its problems is g earing of more than 100 per cent. Best guesses at this year's final outcome seem to be around Pounds 9m of profits - better than last year but a far cry from 1991's Pounds 26.2m. See Commodities Companies:- Geest. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. Industries:- P5148 Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Types :- FIN Interim results. CMMT Comment & Analysis. MKTS P roduction. The Financial Times London Page 28 ============= Transaction # 58 ============================================== Transaction #: 58 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:11:48 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:11:48 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 1 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {hurricane})" ============= Transaction # 59 ============================================== Transaction #: 59 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 394 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 60 ============================================== Transaction #: 60 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-5267 _AN-CIDBKACDFT 9209 02 FT 02 SEP 92 / Hurricane insurers expect record claim s By NIKKI TAIT NEW YORK US INSURERS expect to pay out an estimated Dollars 7.3bn (Po unds 3.7bn) in Florida as a result of Hurricane Andrew - by far the costlies t disaster the industry has ever faced. The figure is the first official tal ly of the damage resulting from the hurricane, which ripped through southern Florida last week. In the battered region it is estimated that 275,000 peop le still have no electricity and at least 150,000 are either homeless or are living amid ruins. President George Bush yesterday made his second visit to the region since the hurricane hit. He pledged the government would see thr ough the clean-up 'until the job is done'. Although there had already been s ome preliminary guesses at the level of insurance claims, yesterday's figure comes from the Property Claims Services division of the American Insurance Services Group, the property-casualty insurers' trade association. It follow s an extensive survey of the area by the big insurance companies. Mr Gary Ke rney, director of catastrophe services at the PCS, said the industry was exp ecting about 685,000 claims in Florida alone. It is reckoned the bulk of the damage - over Dollars 6bn in insured claims - is in Dade County, a rural re gion to the south of Miami. However, the final cost of Hurricane Andrew will be higher still. Yesterday's estimate does not include any projection for c laims in Louisiana, which was also affected by the storm, although less seve rely than Florida. An estimate of the insured losses in this second state wi ll be released later this week. But on the Florida losses alone, Hurricane A ndrew becomes the most costly insured catastrophe in the US. Hurricane Hugo, which hit the east coast in September 1989, cost the insurance industry abo ut Dollars 4.2bn. The Oakland fire disaster, in California last year, cost D ollars 1.2bn. By contrast, insurance claims resulting from the Los Angeles r iots earlier this year - the most expensive civil disturbance in the US - to talled just Dollars 775m. Hurricane Andrew leaves the US property-casualty i nsurers facing their worst-ever year for catastrophe losses. The LA riots an d a series of tornadoes, wind and hailstorms in states such as Kansas, Oklah oma and Iowa had already produced insured losses of Dollars 3.9bn. With Flor ida's Hurricane Andrew losses added in, the total rises to Dollars 11.2bn. T his easily exceeds the record Dollars 7.6bn of catastrophe losses seen in 19 89, when the industry paid out on both Hurricane Hugo and the Loma Prieta ea rthquake in California. Wall Street, however, has reacted calmly to the reco rd losses expected, and insurers' shares - although lower initially - have b een firming recently. The property-casualty industry is thought to have adeq uate reserves to cover the disaster. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 61 ============================================== Transaction #: 61 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 394 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 62 ============================================== Transaction #: 62 Transaction Code: 39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 12 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-6592 _AN-CHZBXAFGFT 9208 24 FT 24 AUG 92 / World News In Brief: Hurricane hits Ba hamas Hurricane Andrew tore across the Bahamas with 150mp h winds. Four people were reported killed. About a million south Florida res idents were ordered to leave their homes as the storm roared on towards Miam i. 'We're looking at a very, very bad storm and it's coming straight at us', said one US official. The Financial Times Intern ational Page 1 ============= Transaction # 63 ============================================== Transaction #: 63 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 12 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-6592 _AN-CHZBXAFGFT 9208 24 FT 24 AUG 92 / World News In Brief: Hurricane hits Ba hamas Hurricane Andrew tore across the Bahamas with 150mp h winds. Four people were reported killed. About a million south Florida res idents were ordered to leave their homes as the storm roared on towards Miam i. 'We're looking at a very, very bad storm and it's coming straight at us', said one US official. The Financial Times Intern ational Page 1 ============= Transaction # 64 ============================================== Transaction #: 64 Transaction Code: 38 (Record Deselected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 12 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-6592 _AN-CHZBXAFGFT 9208 24 FT 24 AUG 92 / World News In Brief: Hurricane hits Ba hamas Hurricane Andrew tore across the Bahamas with 150mp h winds. Four people were reported killed. About a million south Florida res idents were ordered to leave their homes as the storm roared on towards Miam i. 'We're looking at a very, very bad storm and it's coming straight at us', said one US official. The Financial Times Intern ational Page 1 ============= Transaction # 65 ============================================== Transaction #: 65 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:15:33 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:15:33 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: Yes Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {damage}) not (topic {hurricane} not (topic {andrew})" ============= Transaction # 66 ============================================== Transaction #: 66 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status -1} {Hits 0} {Received 0} {Set Default}} {Search failure: Synta x error in query} ============= Transaction # 67 ============================================== Transaction #: 67 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:15:49 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:15:49 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: Yes Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {damage}) not (topic {hurricane})" ============= Transaction # 68 ============================================== Transaction #: 68 Transaction Code: 37 (General (non-Tcl) Error) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: {ERR {Status -1} {Hits 0} {Received 0} {Set Default}} {Search failure: Synta x error in query} ============= Transaction # 69 ============================================== Transaction #: 69 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:16:17 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:16:17 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: Yes Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {damage}) not (topic {hurricane andrew})" ============= Transaction # 70 ============================================== Transaction #: 70 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 9054 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 71 ============================================== Transaction #: 71 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:16:58 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:16:58 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: Yes Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {hurricane damage}) not (topic {andrew})" ============= Transaction # 72 ============================================== Transaction #: 72 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8657 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 73 ============================================== Transaction #: 73 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 8657 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 74 ============================================== Transaction #: 74 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:20:06 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:20:06 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 1 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {typhoon})" ============= Transaction # 75 ============================================== Transaction #: 75 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 95 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 76 ============================================== Transaction #: 76 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-17187 _AN-EJJD1ACJFT 941 010 FT 10 OCT 94 / Business Travel (Update): Typhoon hit s Taiwan Typhoon Seth, with winds of 107mph, struck Taiwa n yesterday, leaving one person dead. Four domestic airports in eastern Taiw an were closed but international airports stayed open. A highway in eastern Taiwan was closed following landslides. Officials were considering whether t o cancel today's National Day celebrations. Seth is the sixth typhoon to hit Taiwan since early July. Storms have killed 30 people and caused extensive damage. Countries:- TWZ Taiwan, Asia. Ind ustries:- P9511 Air, Water, and Solid Waste Management. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 77 ============================================== Transaction #: 77 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:21:30 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:21:30 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {typhoon damage})" ============= Transaction # 78 ============================================== Transaction #: 78 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 9202 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 79 ============================================== Transaction #: 79 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-12299 _AN-EKBD9AC3FT 941 102 FT 02 NOV 94 / Business and the Environment: Insurer s in a storm By NANCY DUNNE Fifteen catastrophic hurricanes, floods and storms cost worldwide insurers more tha n Dollars 80bn (Pounds 50bn) since a period of weather extremes set in five years ago, according to an article in the latest World Watch Institute's jou rnal. In 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck Florida and set a new record for dama ges at Dollars 25bn. The Mississippi floods in 1993 cost Dollars 12bn. Europ e was hit by four severe windstorms in 1990 which accumulated damages of Dol lars 10bn. Japan was struck in 1991 by Typhoon Mireille with nearly Dollars 5bn in damages. As the damages mount, insurers have begun to take seriously the global warming theory advanced by many scientists. The fear is that the warming, spurred by 'greenhouse gases', produced by fossil fuels, could seri ously disrupt the world's atmospheric and oceanic systems. Lack of agreement in the scientific community has made the insurers wary. But their interest is being applauded by environmentalists who see the insurers as a potential counterweight to the power of the oil and coal interests in the global warmi ng debate. Christopher Flavin, author of the World Watch article, is urging the insurers to enter the struggle over climate policy. 'Few industries are capable of doing battle with the likes of the fossil fuel lobby. But the ins urance industry is,' he says. 'On a worldwide basis the two are of roughly c omparable size and potential political clout.' The insurance industry could, for example, push government to tighten energy efficiency rules for new bui ldings. It could actively lobby for a stronger global climate pact. It could also use its investment capacity. 'If they (companies) were to dump some of their stocks in oil and coal companies or actively invest some of their fun ds in new, less carbon-intensive energy technologies (forming a sort of clim ate venture fund), insurance companies could spur the development of a less threatening energy system,' says Flavin. Unless the industry begins to use i ts clout in the struggle over climate policy, its future 'is likely to be st ormy indeed', said Flavin. Countries:- XAZ World. Industries:- P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance. P951 Environmental Quality. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 18 ============= Transaction # 80 ============================================== Transaction #: 80 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 9202 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 81 ============================================== Transaction #: 81 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 17 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-7520 _AN-DBXCKACQFT 9302 24 FT 24 FEB 93 / Business and the Environment: Weather wise - Typhoons, hurricanes and the threat of global warming are pushing up insurance rates By RICHARD LAPPER and BRONWEN MADDOX 'WE GET zapped every five minutes,' says Richard Keeling, underwriter with Lloyd's syndicate 362, reviewing the impact of recent hurri canes, gales and typhoons on the London insurance market. Recent storms, eac h more damaging than the last, culminated in last year's hurricane Andrew, w hich devastated parts of Louisiana and Florida and caused losses estimated t o be at least Dollars 16bn and perhaps as much as Dollars 20bn (Pounds 14bn) , the United States's biggest-ever insured loss. That has triggered tough ba rgaining in the London insurance market and one of the hardest 'renewal' sea sons, as reinsurers seek to impose big rate increases. Most significantly, i n a move that could lead to higher insurance rates for many years, insurers are also beginning to ask whether recent storms are a sign of global warming or other long-term shifts in weather patterns. The question has led to an u nlikely convergence with environmental pressure groups such as Greenpeace, w hich last month published a long report welcoming insurers' alertness to the risk. In the recent round of negotiations, brokers buying cover for US clie nts - who have avoided heavy increases in recent years - have found the goin g toughest. However, across the board, direct insurers are now paying more f or their reinsurance. Keeling says that since October 1987, reinsurance rate s have increased by 650 per cent for European insurers, 450 per cent for US buyers and by 1,000 per cent for Japanese companies. The increases partly re flect reinsurers' efforts to restore profitability after heavy losses from w eather and from other disasters such as the 1988 Piper Alpha oil rig explosi on and the Exxon Valdez oil spill the following year. Both Swiss Re and Muni ch Re, the world's two biggest reinsurers, have seen profits dented and have been forced to draw deep into their reserves to meet claims, especially fro m the European storms of 1990. Many smaller reinsurers have withdrawn from t he market. More than a third of Lloyd's Names and nearly half the syndicates have left the market since 1989. As competition for business has dwindled, bigger players have found it easier to force through rate increases. Underwr iters are also now beginning to take a deeper look at the risk of storm dama ge. They recognise that denser population in potentially exposed regions, su ch as the south-eastern coast of the US, is partly responsible for the rise in losses. 'Windstorm' cover has also become a more common element of househ olders' policies over the last two decades in most countries. And increasing ly many are questioning whether the recent increases in land and sea tempera tures are leading to greater atmospheric instability and more frequent and i ntense winds. Scientists have warned for several years that gases such as ca rbon dioxide, emitted from burning fossil fuels, could cause global warming. The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, set up to in vestigate the phenomenon, has suggested the average increase could be somewh ere between 1.5'C and 3.5'C over the next 100 years. However, scientists hav e emphasised there is still uncertainty about the processes involved - the m odels find it hard to take account of clouds, which could slow down warming. They also say it is impossible to conclude from recent storms and warm summ ers that climate change is already happening. Despite scientific uncertainty , insurers feel they need to protect themselves. Walter Kielholz, general ma nager of Swiss Re, one of the first insurance companies to question whether global warming could be responsible for worsening weather, agrees that 'the statistical data is too short to conclusively prove that there is a trend'. But he adds: 'It might just be a hiccup but we can't afford to wait for the long-term before taking action.' Research commissioned by Keeling and severa l other Lloyd's underwriters by the University of East Anglia's climatology department also concludes: 'The possibility that the trend (of more frequent gales in north-western Europe) is related to global warming cannot be rejec ted.' Insurers should assume that 'gale frequencies will remain at the level of the 1980s' and could rise further, the report says. In Greenpeace's rece nt study, the pressure group called for insurers to join the lobby for limit s on the emission of 'greenhouse gases'. Keeling acknowledges: 'We have to d o something constructive but the insurance industry will never be a lobby. W e are too diffused.' Instead, as well as increasing rates insurers have begu n to toughen the terms of storm insurance. Kielholz says that since 1990 Swi ss Re has begun to isolate the risk of 'windstorm' from other exposures it u nderwrites. The group now likes to cover windstorm through an excess of loss reinsurance contract (in which the reinsurer covers a tranche of risk up to a pre-set limit) rather than by covering it alongside other risks as part o f a proportional reinsurance deal (in which the reinsurer accepts an agreed percentage of exposure). 'Reinsurers have become more and more reluctant to include windstorm in proportional property treaties,' says Kielholz. Reinsur ers are also urging direct insurers to make policyholders pay the first port ion of any loss themselves, as an incentive to protect their property agains t storms. Householders would then be more likely to carry out essential main tenance and commercial customers to follow building codes more strictly, the y argue. During Hurricane Andrew many new buildings, especially those with s teel frames and metal casings, proved to be particularly vulnerable to wind damage, according to Swiss Re. Higher rates and tougher terms are the insura nce industry's perhaps unsurprising response to recent storms and the potent ial threat of global warming. The environmental movement has shown itself re luctant to acknowledge scientific doubts about climate change, while climato logists - who might stress that uncertainty - have few reasons to get involv ed in debates on insurance charges. Customers may have to hope the new highe r rates help preserve some of the financially weaker groups, and so preserve competition in the industry. --------------------------------------------- -------------------- THE COST OF RECENT STORMS --------- -------------------------------------------------------- Aug 1992 US Cyclone Iniki Dollars 1.4bn Aug 1992 US Hurricane Andrew Dollars 20.0bn Sep 1991 Japan Typhoon Mi reille Dollars 4.8bn Jul 1990 US Colorado storms Do llars 1.0bn Feb 1990 NW Europe Windstorm Wibke Dollars 1.3b n Feb 1990 NW Europe Windstorm Vivian Dollars 3.2bn Feb 1990 NW Europe Windstorm Herta Dollars 1.3bn Jan 1990 NW Europ e Windstorm Daria Dollars 4.6bn Sep 1989 US Hurricane Hugo Dollars 5.8bn Oct 1987 NW Europe Un-named wi ndstorm Dollars 2.5bn ---------------------------------------------------- ------------- Source: Greenpeace ------------------------------------------ ----------------------- Countries:- GBZ United Kingd om, EC. Industries:- P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty I nsurance. P6411 Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Service. Types :- RES Natural resources. COSTS Costs & Prices. MKTS Ma rket data. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 82 ============================================== Transaction #: 82 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-12299 _AN-EKBD9AC3FT 941 102 FT 02 NOV 94 / Business and the Environment: Insurer s in a storm By NANCY DUNNE Fifteen catastrophic hurricanes, floods and storms cost worldwide insurers more tha n Dollars 80bn (Pounds 50bn) since a period of weather extremes set in five years ago, according to an article in the latest World Watch Institute's jou rnal. In 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck Florida and set a new record for dama ges at Dollars 25bn. The Mississippi floods in 1993 cost Dollars 12bn. Europ e was hit by four severe windstorms in 1990 which accumulated damages of Dol lars 10bn. Japan was struck in 1991 by Typhoon Mireille with nearly Dollars 5bn in damages. As the damages mount, insurers have begun to take seriously the global warming theory advanced by many scientists. The fear is that the warming, spurred by 'greenhouse gases', produced by fossil fuels, could seri ously disrupt the world's atmospheric and oceanic systems. Lack of agreement in the scientific community has made the insurers wary. But their interest is being applauded by environmentalists who see the insurers as a potential counterweight to the power of the oil and coal interests in the global warmi ng debate. Christopher Flavin, author of the World Watch article, is urging the insurers to enter the struggle over climate policy. 'Few industries are capable of doing battle with the likes of the fossil fuel lobby. But the ins urance industry is,' he says. 'On a worldwide basis the two are of roughly c omparable size and potential political clout.' The insurance industry could, for example, push government to tighten energy efficiency rules for new bui ldings. It could actively lobby for a stronger global climate pact. It could also use its investment capacity. 'If they (companies) were to dump some of their stocks in oil and coal companies or actively invest some of their fun ds in new, less carbon-intensive energy technologies (forming a sort of clim ate venture fund), insurance companies could spur the development of a less threatening energy system,' says Flavin. Unless the industry begins to use i ts clout in the struggle over climate policy, its future 'is likely to be st ormy indeed', said Flavin. Countries:- XAZ World. Industries:- P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance. P951 Environmental Quality. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 18 ============= Transaction # 83 ============================================== Transaction #: 83 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 17 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT931-7520 _AN-DBXCKACQFT 9302 24 FT 24 FEB 93 / Business and the Environment: Weather wise - Typhoons, hurricanes and the threat of global warming are pushing up insurance rates By RICHARD LAPPER and BRONWEN MADDOX 'WE GET zapped every five minutes,' says Richard Keeling, underwriter with Lloyd's syndicate 362, reviewing the impact of recent hurri canes, gales and typhoons on the London insurance market. Recent storms, eac h more damaging than the last, culminated in last year's hurricane Andrew, w hich devastated parts of Louisiana and Florida and caused losses estimated t o be at least Dollars 16bn and perhaps as much as Dollars 20bn (Pounds 14bn) , the United States's biggest-ever insured loss. That has triggered tough ba rgaining in the London insurance market and one of the hardest 'renewal' sea sons, as reinsurers seek to impose big rate increases. Most significantly, i n a move that could lead to higher insurance rates for many years, insurers are also beginning to ask whether recent storms are a sign of global warming or other long-term shifts in weather patterns. The question has led to an u nlikely convergence with environmental pressure groups such as Greenpeace, w hich last month published a long report welcoming insurers' alertness to the risk. In the recent round of negotiations, brokers buying cover for US clie nts - who have avoided heavy increases in recent years - have found the goin g toughest. However, across the board, direct insurers are now paying more f or their reinsurance. Keeling says that since October 1987, reinsurance rate s have increased by 650 per cent for European insurers, 450 per cent for US buyers and by 1,000 per cent for Japanese companies. The increases partly re flect reinsurers' efforts to restore profitability after heavy losses from w eather and from other disasters such as the 1988 Piper Alpha oil rig explosi on and the Exxon Valdez oil spill the following year. Both Swiss Re and Muni ch Re, the world's two biggest reinsurers, have seen profits dented and have been forced to draw deep into their reserves to meet claims, especially fro m the European storms of 1990. Many smaller reinsurers have withdrawn from t he market. More than a third of Lloyd's Names and nearly half the syndicates have left the market since 1989. As competition for business has dwindled, bigger players have found it easier to force through rate increases. Underwr iters are also now beginning to take a deeper look at the risk of storm dama ge. They recognise that denser population in potentially exposed regions, su ch as the south-eastern coast of the US, is partly responsible for the rise in losses. 'Windstorm' cover has also become a more common element of househ olders' policies over the last two decades in most countries. And increasing ly many are questioning whether the recent increases in land and sea tempera tures are leading to greater atmospheric instability and more frequent and i ntense winds. Scientists have warned for several years that gases such as ca rbon dioxide, emitted from burning fossil fuels, could cause global warming. The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, set up to in vestigate the phenomenon, has suggested the average increase could be somewh ere between 1.5'C and 3.5'C over the next 100 years. However, scientists hav e emphasised there is still uncertainty about the processes involved - the m odels find it hard to take account of clouds, which could slow down warming. They also say it is impossible to conclude from recent storms and warm summ ers that climate change is already happening. Despite scientific uncertainty , insurers feel they need to protect themselves. Walter Kielholz, general ma nager of Swiss Re, one of the first insurance companies to question whether global warming could be responsible for worsening weather, agrees that 'the statistical data is too short to conclusively prove that there is a trend'. But he adds: 'It might just be a hiccup but we can't afford to wait for the long-term before taking action.' Research commissioned by Keeling and severa l other Lloyd's underwriters by the University of East Anglia's climatology department also concludes: 'The possibility that the trend (of more frequent gales in north-western Europe) is related to global warming cannot be rejec ted.' Insurers should assume that 'gale frequencies will remain at the level of the 1980s' and could rise further, the report says. In Greenpeace's rece nt study, the pressure group called for insurers to join the lobby for limit s on the emission of 'greenhouse gases'. Keeling acknowledges: 'We have to d o something constructive but the insurance industry will never be a lobby. W e are too diffused.' Instead, as well as increasing rates insurers have begu n to toughen the terms of storm insurance. Kielholz says that since 1990 Swi ss Re has begun to isolate the risk of 'windstorm' from other exposures it u nderwrites. The group now likes to cover windstorm through an excess of loss reinsurance contract (in which the reinsurer covers a tranche of risk up to a pre-set limit) rather than by covering it alongside other risks as part o f a proportional reinsurance deal (in which the reinsurer accepts an agreed percentage of exposure). 'Reinsurers have become more and more reluctant to include windstorm in proportional property treaties,' says Kielholz. Reinsur ers are also urging direct insurers to make policyholders pay the first port ion of any loss themselves, as an incentive to protect their property agains t storms. Householders would then be more likely to carry out essential main tenance and commercial customers to follow building codes more strictly, the y argue. During Hurricane Andrew many new buildings, especially those with s teel frames and metal casings, proved to be particularly vulnerable to wind damage, according to Swiss Re. Higher rates and tougher terms are the insura nce industry's perhaps unsurprising response to recent storms and the potent ial threat of global warming. The environmental movement has shown itself re luctant to acknowledge scientific doubts about climate change, while climato logists - who might stress that uncertainty - have few reasons to get involv ed in debates on insurance charges. Customers may have to hope the new highe r rates help preserve some of the financially weaker groups, and so preserve competition in the industry. --------------------------------------------- -------------------- THE COST OF RECENT STORMS --------- -------------------------------------------------------- Aug 1992 US Cyclone Iniki Dollars 1.4bn Aug 1992 US Hurricane Andrew Dollars 20.0bn Sep 1991 Japan Typhoon Mi reille Dollars 4.8bn Jul 1990 US Colorado storms Do llars 1.0bn Feb 1990 NW Europe Windstorm Wibke Dollars 1.3b n Feb 1990 NW Europe Windstorm Vivian Dollars 3.2bn Feb 1990 NW Europe Windstorm Herta Dollars 1.3bn Jan 1990 NW Europ e Windstorm Daria Dollars 4.6bn Sep 1989 US Hurricane Hugo Dollars 5.8bn Oct 1987 NW Europe Un-named wi ndstorm Dollars 2.5bn ---------------------------------------------------- ------------- Source: Greenpeace ------------------------------------------ ----------------------- Countries:- GBZ United Kingd om, EC. Industries:- P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty I nsurance. P6411 Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Service. Types :- RES Natural resources. COSTS Costs & Prices. MKTS Ma rket data. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 84 ============================================== Transaction #: 84 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 9202 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 85 ============================================== Transaction #: 85 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 9202 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 86 ============================================== Transaction #: 86 Transaction Code: 6 (Direct Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:27:06 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:27:06 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {cyclone damage})" ============= Transaction # 87 ============================================== Transaction #: 87 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 9172 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 88 ============================================== Transaction #: 88 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:28:21 1999 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:28:21 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: Yes Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 3 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {typhoon}) not (topic {mirelle seth})" ============= Transaction # 89 ============================================== Transaction #: 89 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 95 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 90 ============================================== Transaction #: 90 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-5307 _AN-DIFB9AEJFT 9309 03 FT 03 SEP 93 / World News in Brief: Typhoon threatens Japan Typhoon Yancy, one of the biggest typhoons likely to hit Japan since the second world war, is expected to hit the southern mai n island of Kyushu with winds of 112 mph around midday today. C ountries:- JPZ Japan, Asia. Industries:- P92 29 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- RES Natural r esources. The Financial Times International Page 1 ============= Transaction # 91 ============================================== Transaction #: 91 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-17187 _AN-EJJD1ACJFT 941 010 FT 10 OCT 94 / Business Travel (Update): Typhoon hit s Taiwan Typhoon Seth, with winds of 107mph, struck Taiwa n yesterday, leaving one person dead. Four domestic airports in eastern Taiw an were closed but international airports stayed open. A highway in eastern Taiwan was closed following landslides. Officials were considering whether t o cancel today's National Day celebrations. Seth is the sixth typhoon to hit Taiwan since early July. Storms have killed 30 people and caused extensive damage. Countries:- TWZ Taiwan, Asia. Ind ustries:- P9511 Air, Water, and Solid Waste Management. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 92 ============================================== Transaction #: 92 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 3 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-6566 _AN-DH0CBAAKFT 9308 27 FT 27 AUG 93 / World News in Brief: Japan faces typho on Heavy rain and strong winds swept eastern Japan as Typ hoon Vernon moved in from the Pacific with winds forecast to reach 79mph. Countries:- JPZ Japan, Asia. Industries:- < /XX> P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- RE S Natural resources. The Financial Times London Pa ge 1 ============= Transaction # 93 ============================================== Transaction #: 93 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-5 _AN-EJDDVAH3FT 940930 FT 30 SEP 94 / World News in Brief: Typhoon hits western Japan Typhoon Orchid swept through areas surrounding Osa ka in western Japan, disrupting industry and closing the city's internationa l airport. Countries:- JPZ Japan, Asia. I ndustries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times International Page 1 ============= Transaction # 94 ============================================== Transaction #: 94 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 5 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-6576 _AN-DH0CBAAAFT 9308 27 FT 27 AUG 93 / World News in Brief: Tokyo under typho on threat Storm warnings were issued in central Japan abo ut Typhoon Vernon, which weather experts said could hit land near Tokyo toda y with winds of 79mph. Countries:- JPZ Japan, Asia. Industries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- RES Natural resources. The Financial Time s London Page 1 ============= Transaction # 95 ============================================== Transaction #: 95 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 6 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-6273 _AN-DH2AOACHFT 9308 28 FT 28 AUG 93 / Residents evacuate Japanese town after Typhoon Vernon Some residents were urged to evacuate the ir homes in Chiba, east of Tokyo, yesterday, as rivers swelled in the wake o f Typhoon Vernon. Road, rail and air links with the Japanese capital were cu t Countries:- JPZ Japan, Asia. Industries :- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Pa ge 22 ============= Transaction # 96 ============================================== Transaction #: 96 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 7 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-15195 _AN-EGKDTACRFT 940 711 FT 11 JUL 94 / Business Travel (Update): Taiwan typh oon By DAVID OWEN Typhoon Tim lashe d eastern Taiwan with strong winds and heavy rain yesterday, forcing the sus pension of flights to two offshore islets. Taiwanese officials said an impor tant highway in Hualien city was closed because of landslides set off by the torrential downpour. In the Philippines, the Manila weather bureau said ano ther tropical storm, Vanessa, had developed in the South China Sea and was b ringing strong winds and heavy rains to the main Philippine island, Luzon. < /TEXT> Countries:- TWZ Taiwan, Asia. PHZ Philippines, A sia. Industries:- P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. < /IN> Types:- RES Natural resources. The Financial Times London Page 14 ============= Transaction # 97 ============================================== Transaction #: 97 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 8 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT942-10018 _AN-EELCZAFOFT 940 512 FT 12 MAY 94 / International Company News: Insurers set to raise premiums By EMIKO TERAZONO Japan's fire and marine insurance groups, faced with higher insurance p ayments due to an increase in typhoon damages, are likely to raise fire insu rance premiums this year. It will be the first increase in this sector since 1948. The Fire and Marine Insurance Rating Association of Japan, an insuran ce industry group, has applied for finance ministry approval to raise fire i nsurance premiums by an average 7.74 per cent for houses and 5.86 per cent f or offices. After the spate of typhoons in 1991, insurance payments rose thr ee-fold to Y650bn (Dollars 6.3bn). Countries:- JPZ J apan, Asia. Industries:- P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casual ty Insurance. Types:- COSTS Product costs & Product pr ices. The Financial Times London Page 29 ============= Transaction # 98 ============================================== Transaction #: 98 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 9 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT922-6006 _AN-CE0AWAF7FT 9205 27 FT 27 MAY 92 / International Capital Markets: Top Jap anese insurers report fall in profits By EMIKO TERAZ ONO TOKYO JAPANESE non-life insur ance companies were hit by sharp increases in underwriting losses stemming f rom last September's typhoon damages and declining investment income. Non-co nsolidated net premium income for the year ended March at the top five Japan ese non-life insurers - Tokio Marine & Fire, Yasuda Fire & Marine, Mitsui Ma rine & Fire, Sumitomo Marine & Fire, and Nippon Fire & Marine - rose 6.8 per cent as a result of brisk sales of car and compulsory auto liability insura nces. But all five companies reported falls in pre-tax and after-tax profits . Only Tokio posted an operating profit. Net insurance payments for the five companies jumped 27.7 per cent to Y1,857.3bn (Dollars 14.35bn), due to a ri se in car accidents and the surge in claims from typhoon damages. Non-operat ing profits were squeezed due to lower interest rates and the stock market s lump. The companies also faced a sharp rise in redemptions for the savings t ype insurances. The Financial Times London Page 2 8 ============= Transaction # 99 ============================================== Transaction #: 99 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-7718 _AN-EHVD2AA6FT 9408 22 FT 22 AUG 94 / Taiwanese projects in China By LAURA TYSON and REUTER TAIPEI Taiwan has approved proposals for 31 investment projects in Ch ina totalling Dollars 60m (Pounds 38.9m) and will further relax restrictions on investment by local companies in China, the Economics Ministry said at t he weekend. The moves signify a further step in the liberalisation of invest ment by listed Taiwanese companies across the Taiwan Strait, until recently subject to strict government controls. Small companies have been investing i n China since the early 1980s, largely through indirect channels. Taiwan has banned direct trade, investment and transport links with China since 1949, forcing the bulk of such activities to be routed through Hong Kong. The rece ntly approved investments by Taiwanese companies include a Dollars 6m contai ner terminal project by Evergreen Marine, part of the Evergreen, one of the world's biggest container shipping lines. The project marks Evergreen's firs t foray into China following an announcement in May it planned investments a mounting to Dollars 80m. A total of 633 items will be moved from a prohibite d list and to a permitted investment list for Taiwanese manufacturers, the E conomics Ministry said. The newly approved list includes 196 textile items, 188 machinery items and eight steel-related items. The combined export value of the 633 items was Dollars 22.6bn in 1993, accounting for 27 per cent of Taiwan's total exports, the ministry said. Imports of the items amounted to Dollars 6.14bn or 8 per cent of the total. A fourth typhoon in two months po unded Taiwan yesterday on leaving three people dead and two missing, Reuter adds from Taipei. Typhoon Fred brought 180mm of rain across northern Taiwan overnight and early on Sunday, and as much as 480mm in mountain districts, d ays after torrential rains from Typhoon Doug caused floods in the southern c ity of Kaohsiung. Most domestic flights and many trains were cancelled as th e storm, with winds of up to 180kph, swept across the north of the island. < /TEXT> Countries:- CNZ China, Asia. TWZ Taiwan, Asia. < /CN> Industries:- P9611 Administration of General Economic Pr ograms. P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC. Types:- RES Capital expenditures. NEWS General News. The Financial Times London Page 4 ============= Transaction # 100 ============================================== Transaction #: 100 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 11 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT933-757 _AN-DI1CRABAFT 93092 8 FT 28 SEP 93 / World Trade News: Typhoons may force To kyo to import rice By ROBERT THOMSON TOKYO JAPAN is under increasing pressure to impo rt rice to counter an expected shortfall in this year's crop, which has been severely damaged by a spate of typhoons and an unusually cold summer. The A griculture Ministry yesterday denied Japanese newspaper reports that it has already decided on limited imports, but officials have admitted the annual r ice harvest index, due to be announced on Thursday, will show a sharp fall i n production. Imports will be an embarrassment for the Japanese government, which has resisted international pressure for the rice market to be opened a s part of a settlement under the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade talks. There was a suggestion from within the government yesterday that emergency i mports could be used to signify the opening of the market, although Tokyo's negotiating position has been that a decision on the rice market is impossib le until the US and EC reach agreement on farm trade. It is more likely that imports would be characterised as a once-only response to the shortfall. On e Japanese negotiator explained that differences between the US and EC made a rice market opening difficult to justify to politically influential Japane se farmers. Japan relaxed its ban on imports in 1984, when 150,000 tonnes of rice were imported from South Korea, and rice was imported in the harsh yea rs immediately after the second world war. The rice harvest index for August was 95, against the 100 of an average year, but it is widely expected the i ndex for September will slip to about 85. Mr Morihiro Hosokawa, the prime mi nister, has indicated he will be more flexible on the issue than his predece ssors. However, the largest group in Mr Hosokawa's coalition government, the Social Democratic party, formerly the Japan Socialist party, is strongly op posed to rice imports. Countries:- JPZ Japan, Asia. Industries:- P0112 Rice. Types:- M KTS Foreign trade. MKTS Production. The Financial Times

London Page 5 ============= Transaction # 101 ============================================== Transaction #: 101 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 12 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-17842 _AN-EJFD1ADEFT 941 006 FT 06 OCT 94 / Technology: Japan rocks steady By EMIKO TERAZONO The Great Buddha of Kam akura was little moved by this week's earthquake in Japan. The 40ft statue o n the outskirts of Tokyo rests on steel shock absorbers on a granite base, a llowing it to move with the tremor. Like the Buddha of Kamakura, many Japane se buildings today have special foundations which absorb tremors and allow t he structures to dissipate quake energy by swaying. These devices include be arings made of rubber and steel, or layered steel and rubber between the bui lding and its foundations. This technology is used mainly in structures unde r 200m high. 'Buildings taller than 30 storeys are able to move with the ear thquake,' says Yuichiro Ogawa, who manages Shimizu Construction's structural technology division. The problem for designers now is to deal with the effe cts of swaying. The 36-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo, built in 1968, was the first high-rise to include 'soft structure' technology, all owing the building's beams and pillars to vibrate with the quake. Further te chnological advances have led to skyscrapers more than 200m tall, but their flexibility means that strong winds and typhoons sway them to an uncomfortab le degree, causing symptoms similar to seasickness and making high-rises uns uitable for residential use. This has been eased by computerised vibration c ontrol systems. Strong winds cause computers to activate a large rectangular weight, supported by four pillars made of layers of rubber which move in th e opposite direction to the building's movements. Shimizu's system - the fir st to be installed in a skyscraper of more than 200m, two years ago - passed its first big test in last week's typhoon, the strongest to hit western Jap an this year. Other companies have developed and installed similar systems. Shimizu said that the usual degree of fluctuation was reduced by two-thirds. Occupants of the building's apartments and hotel reported feeling hardly an y swaying despite strong gusts of wind. Countries:- J PZ Japan, Asia. Industries:- P1796 Installing Building Equipment, NEC. P1799 Special Trade Contractors, NEC. P3625 Relays and Industrial Controls. Types:- TECH Products & Produ ct use. CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page 18 ============= Transaction # 102 ============================================== Transaction #: 102 Transaction Code: 15 (Terms Cleared) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 1 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 103 ============================================== Transaction #: 103 Transaction Code: 0 (New Host Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:29:49 1999 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:29:49 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 104 ============================================== Transaction #: 104 Transaction Code: 35 (New Host Connected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: or Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 105 ============================================== Transaction #: 105 Transaction Code: 8 (Mixed Bool./Dir. Rank Search) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Thu Aug 19 12:30:35 1999 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Thu Aug 19 12:30:35 1999 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 1 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 2 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: zfind "(topic @ {increase}) and (topic {tourism})" ============= Transaction # 106 ============================================== Transaction #: 106 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Short Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 629 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 107 ============================================== Transaction #: 107 Transaction Code: 2 (New Disp. Format Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 108 ============================================== Transaction #: 108 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-44 _AN-EI3DUAHVFT 940930 FT 30 SEP 94 / Survey of World Economy and Finance - In dustry (28): A powerhouse of revenue - Tourism / Developing countries are co ttoning on By RICHARD GORDON At a r ecent tourism conference, held on a Thames river boat in London, Stephen Dor rell, the UK heritage secretary, told a group of tourism leaders that Britai n needs to regain its declining share of the growing global tourism market. At that moment, a London red bus, emblazoned with a sign inviting Londoners to 'Visit Korea in 1994', thundered overhead on Vauxhall Bridge. The problem for Britain, and other traditional tourist destinations, is that the rest o f the world has cottoned on to tourism. As the biggest growth industry, empl oyer and source of revenue around the world, many developing countries have realised a quicker way to buy into first world affluence is by boosting thei r tourism potential rather then by selling tractors, bananas and rice. Globa l tourism, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, will double in s ize between 1990 and 2005. The market has been growing by 5 per cent a year in real terms since 1970. In 1993, the global tourism industry generated USD ollars 3,400bn in gross output, produced 10.1 per cent of GDP, and accounted for 10.5 per cent of all jobs. The Council says governments cannot afford t o ignore the industry's role as an economic powerhouse and should make it a strategic development priority. The sheer size of the global industry has aw akened many multinational companies to the possibilities of global brands an d market dominance. As airlines form international networks and alliances, s o, too, travel agents, hotel brands and car hire firms are banding together. Several companies have already made the first moves towards serving the glo bal tourism marketplace. The US travel agent Carlson, together with its Euro pean counterpart Wagonlit, is now the world's largest travel agent, with 4,0 00 units. Carlson also wants to be the world's largest hotel brand using its Radisson name. American Express is about to buy a large chunk of Thomas Coo k's travel agency business in North America, the largest tourism market The only areas not targeted by the global brands are the Middle East and Asia, w here international arrivals in East Asia and the Pacific grew four times fas ter than the world average in 1993, reaching a record of 69m visitors. While arrivals were up by 12.6 per cent, revenue grew by 15.2 per cent to USDolla rs 52.6bn. The World Tourism Organisation forecasts 101m arrivals in East As ia and the Pacific by 2000, and 190m by 2010. However, this growth may be co nstrained by a shortage of human resources, the health and safety of tourist s, environmental concerns, under-developed infrastructure and local resident s' unease over the number of tourists. But global tourism growth makes it cl ear why the UK annual tourism revenue growth of 5.7 per cent has caused a gr eat deal of hand wringing within certain UK tourism industry circles. Robert Peel, chairman and chief executive of UK hotel company Mount Charlotte Inve stments, says the world tourism market is all about value for money. 'There is a distinct relationship between prices and volume in world tourism. To ge t more tourists to the UK we have to make it worth their while to come here. The foreign exchange rate is a big factor in the equation. The UK is now 20 per cent better value for foreign tourists than two years ago.' But the UK is facing tough competition in the international marketplace. For example, M exico, Australia and the Caribbean island of Aruba each spend more on touris m promotion in the US than the UK does. The biggest expense of any tourism d estination is advertising and promotion. In 1993, national governments spent USDollars 1.4bn selling themselves to the tourists. Apart from advertising, other factors such as investment in tourism infrastructure, new airline rou tes and political stability influence the international tourists' holiday de cision. One of the most important issues impacting the MIddle East is the pr esent peace negotiations between Israel, the PLO, Jordan and Syria. The lack of peace in the region has been a principal reason for the limited number o f tourist arrivals. As a whole, the Middle East in its best year of 1992 att racted only 2 per cent of the world's tourist arrivals or 9m visitors, compa red to Greece which also attracted 9m. Israel stands to benefit the most in terms of tourism from the recent peace process. Tourist arrivals in Israel r eached a record level of 1.65m last year. Lasting peace in the region would create a vast influx of business and leisure tourists in Israel. Jordan, Leb anon, and Syria could also expect to see a sizeable increase in tourism. Vie tnam is the latest fashionable destination for tourists. There has been huge growth in tourism to Vietnam, but the figures are relatively small. Most vi sitors are business people as tourist visas are hard to obtain. Foreign inve stment in Vietnam in the first quarter of this year jumped by 58 per cent co mpared to the same period last year. Between 1988 and 1990, most projects in volving foreign money were in the hotel and oil sectors. The total amount of foreign investment in 1994 is expected to reach USDollars 3.5bn, of which 7 0 per cent is in joint ventures. The emergence and acceptability of Vietnam was confirmed recently when British Airways announced that it is negotiating to operate two flights per week from London to Ho Chi Minh City. Robert Bur ns, chairman of the World Travel & Tourism Council, believes Shanghai will e merge in 10 years as the most important Asian city. A new airport, which cou ld handle 150 landings an hour, is being built. Hotels in Shanghai are opera ting at near capacity and room rates are rocketing. As Mr Burns pointed out, Japan now has a policy, the result of a balance of trade problem, that 20 p er cent of its population should travel abroad by 2010. If China ever had ju st two 2 per cent of its population travelling overseas, the rest of the wor ld would be inundated with Chinese tourists. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. XAZ World. Industries:- < IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. P7999 Amusement an d Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page XVI ============= Transaction # 109 ============================================== Transaction #: 109 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-9708 _AN-DKIC6AF4FT 9311 09 FT 09 NOV 93 / Survey of Australia (2): A place in th e Pacific sun - Tourism By BRUCE JACQUES < TEXT> INTERNATIONAL tourism has emerged from near obscurity to become one of Australia's fastest growing industries in the past decade, but it heads tow ards 1994 in a state of dichotomy. Although the industry is one of the few d efying world recession with solid growth rates, tourism remains hazardous gr ound for investors, writes Bruce Jacques. This reflects a 'two-speed' growth record in the past decade which has left substantial imbalances in infrastr ucture, sapped confidence and increased the perceived risk of tourism invest ment. But there are signs, boosted by Sydney's successful bid to host the 20 00 Olympics, that tourism is set for a period of accelerated new growth. Int ernational tourism burst on to an unsuspecting Australia amid the financial boom of the mid 1980s, with overseas visits jumping nearly 200 per cent to 2 .25m in the half decade to 1988. Figures just released confirm that growth i n the half decade since has been a more modest 28 per cent for visits of jus t under 2.8m in 1992-93. This growth volatility has left some bad investment decisions in its wake. Real estate estimates suggest that almost 10 per cen t of the nation's three, four and five star accommodation properties are now either in receivership or under the administration of their banks. That is almost 70 properties, covering about 10,000 rooms - enough to give pause to any investor. Several other factors have added to the industry's roller coas ter feel, including: the Federal Government's deregulation of the aviation i ndustry and subsequent heavy losses and rationalisation among the country's airlines; the unique double failure of Compass Airlines - the new market ent rant that was touted as giving meaning to deregulation; and postponement of the public float of Qantas, the country's international carrier, from which the Federal Government hopes to raise more than ADollars 1.5bn. But just as investors were caught by overestimating the industry's growth, there are sig ns that those who continue to retreat will miss the next cycle. Christopher Brown, executive director of tourism's umbrella body, Tourism Task Force, be lieves some hard lessons have been learned. target more rapid growth. 'You h ave to remember we've only been in the international tourism business in a b ig way for just over a decade,' Mr Brown says. 'What we had in the 1980s was a marketing-led rather than product-led boom. Some of our early marketing c ampaigns (notably the Paul Hogan 'shrimp on the barbie' advertisements) were among the best in the world. But events since have shown that the industry wasn't really able to handle the boom in overseas tourists that followed.' M r Brown believes the industry tried to become too sophisticated too early. ' We thought we had achieved worldwide awareness, but we now know we didn't. B ut the result is that, although some of it is under-utilised, we now have so me of the world's best tourism infrastructure.' Mr Brown says that with the Olympics and increased government recognition and funding for tourism, the i ndustry is now targeting an annual rate of around 7.5m overseas arrivals by 2000. The target would have been around 6m without the Olympics, but both ai ms are considerably higher than estimates of 4.8m arrivals by the government funded Bureau of Tourism Research (BTR). While any of these estimates sugge sts strong growth, the industry still has a task ahead in educating investor s. Mr Brown says banks and institutions are still far less adept at assessin g investments in tourism than other sectors. That ranks as a serious oversig ht given the scale of the industry. While tourism is often proudly promoted as Australia's biggest export earner, that description understates its econo mic importance. If the international and domestic tourism components are tak en together, the industry is arguably Australia's biggest. Judging by BTR fi gures, no investment institution of any standing can afford not to have expo sure to the industry. The BTR publication, Tourism and the Economy, calculat ed that tourism accounted for 465,000 jobs, 5.6 per cent of the country's gr oss domestic product and 10 per cent of its foreign exchange earnings in 199 2. The BTR figures showed that domestic tourism expenditure, at ADollars 18. 4bn, was almost 2.4 times the size of its international counterpart at ADoll ars 7.7bn, for respective GDP contributions of 3.8 and 1.8 per cent. Latest estimates suggest that in 1993 domestic tourism expenditure will exceed ADol lars 22bn, with international expenditure rising to ADollars 8.6bn. Perhaps the clincher for the tourism industry in its push for a larger share of inve stment funds lies in Australia's geographic location. Leading stockbrokers A NZ McCaughan (AM) put the case well in a recent publication, urging investme nt in Australian air lines. 'Australia is positioned on the edge of the fast est-growing tourism region in the world - the Asia/Pacific,' AM analysts sai d. 'By the Year 2000, the Asia/Pacific region with a 39 per cent share, is e xpected to dominate the world's international air traffic. 'The other two ma jor regions will be Europe (26 per cent) and North America (23 per cent). Fo r the remainder of the 1990s air travel in the Asia/Pacific region is expect ed to grow by an average 9.4 per cent a year, almost twice as fast as the US (4.9 per cent) and far faster than Europe (5.5 per cent).' AM quoted a BTR break down forecasting that the proportion of Asia/Pacific tourists visiting Australia will rise from 43 to almost 50 per cent by 2000. 'Japan, Asia, th e US and Europe will be the key inbound markets by the year 2000,' AM said. 'The proximity of these countries to Australia, together with relaxation of institutional constraints on travel, .. augurs well for larger visitor numbe rs.' Countries:- AUZ Australia. Industrie s:- P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times L ondon Page I ============= Transaction # 110 ============================================== Transaction #: 110 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT924-9868 _AN-CKCCTAGQFT 9211 03 FT 03 NOV 92 / Survey of Portugal (9): Quality, not q uantity - A shift in strategy in the tourism sector By PETER WISE HOLIDAYS spent amid the dust and noise of bui lding sites cause the biggest number of complaints from British tourists who visit Portugal's southern Algarve coast, according to a recent survey for t he Department of Tourism. These visitors are victims of constructors who hav e been trying to keep pace with a boom in tourism that has transformed the c ountry's main holiday region in the past decade. Tourism has been growing at a rate of 11.5 per cent a year since 1980 and high-rise hotels and apartmen t blocks have mushroomed at a similar speed. European tourism as whole has g rown at a rate of only 3.5 per cent a year over that period. Recent statisti cs reflect the dramatic expansion of tourism. This year Portugal expects to welcome 20m visitors, double the population, and almost 10m tourists (visito rs who stay one night or more). This compares with 7m visitors and 2.7m tour ists in 1980. As a result, the importance of tourism to the Portuguese econo my has greatly increased. Today, it accounts for 6 to 8 per cent of the gros s domestic product, a contribution to national wealth that equals that of te xtiles, civil construction or the financial sector. Foreign currency receipt s have grown from Es57.5bn (Pounds 263m) in 1980 to Es530bn in 1991. These e arnings cover half of Portugal's trade deficit, making an important contribu tion to the current account balance. To ease the strain of this boom on the Algarve, where some areas are becoming overcrowded, disorganised and ugly, t he government has devised a new strategy for the tourism sector. It switches the emphasis from new building to diversification and expanding the use of existing facilities. According to Mr Alexandre Relvas, secretary of state fo r tourism, 'our resources have their limits and sooner or later we will reac h saturation point'. Instead, tourism policy will switch from a heavy depend ence on sun and sea holidays and an over-strong reliance on the UK and Spain , to more emphasis on investing to improve facilities rather than build new ones. To this end, the Department of Tourism has drawn up a 19-point plan wi th the overall aim of improving the competitiveness of Portuguese tourism. T he strategy will be backed up with an Es50bn (Pounds 230m) two-year financia l programme to support investment. 'To be competitive in the 1990s, tourism has to invest heavily in quality rather than quantity,' says Mr Relvas. 'Thi s financial programme will help us create a competitive tourism industry in the future.' A total of Es20bn from the new fund will be provided as grants for investment, 60 per cent financed by European Community structural funds. Grants will cover up to 25 per cent of the total cost of investment. But un like the past, very little will be made available for building new hotels. I nstead, the money will go to modernise and re-equip existing units, for the construction of additional facilities such as golf courses and congress cent res and to diversify from beach holidays into sports and cultural tourism. A further Es30bn will be made available by the Tourism Fund, a special credit institution, and banks at low interest rates. Portugal's new tourism strate gy is also aimed at combating a worrying trend. While the number of tourists has increased spectacularly, the amount they spend is falling. In 1980 aver age spending per tourist was 35 per cent above the European average in dolla r terms. Today, it is 15 per cent below. Tourists currently spend a mere Es9 ,000 a day on hotels and restaurants. Tourism authorities have mapped out tw o main strategies for changing this. Beach holidays have become a mature mar ket, where growth is falling off rapidly. Tough competition between major op erators and the globalisation of the market through airline liberalisation i s forcing down prices. Portugal is trying to diversify away from this sector into congresses, cultural tourism and golf and other sporting holidays. 'Th is development will offer the twin advantages of attracting higher-spending tourists and being able to use existing Algarve facilities in the off-season ,' says Mr Relvas. Officials also want to attract tourists away from the Alg arve, which accounts for 40 per cent of total bed nights, to other areas, su ch as the Lisbon coastline and the unspoiled Alentejo region north of the Al garve. Though Portugal will maintain promotional efforts in Britain and Spai n, which together account for half its bed nights, efforts will also be made to boost the Italian, French and German markets and to break into the US an d Japan. Regular flights from Japan, scheduled to begin in 1994, should help increase the number of its tourists from the current level of 30,000 a year . The Financial Times London Page V ============= Transaction # 111 ============================================== Transaction #: 111 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 6 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT911-2446 _AN-BD3BIAC6FT 9104 30 FT 30 APR 91 / Survey of Singapore (13): An alliance of regional rivals - Tourism: in a good position to play the role of an ushe r By JOYCE QUEK SINGAPORE is facing the challenges posed by some of its neighbours in the tourism industry in a n unusual way. It has developed a two-pronged response to the challenge of r egional and global tourism. It aims to consolidate and further strengthen it s own tourism product while playing its part to market the broader attractio ns of its Asean neighbours. The authorities believe this to be in the intere sts of the region. The Singapore Tourist Promotion Board's (STPB) stance is that the true tourism competition comes not from its neighbours but from oth er regions of the world, particularly well-established tourist destinations such as the Caribbean or the Mediterranean. The mood of Asean being currentl y co-operative, the answer comes as no surprise. The concept of marketing th e region as an alternative to the Caribbean or the Mediterranean has merit. The appeal of Asean as a region is much greater than any single country. And yet, diversity is available in a compact geographical area where tourism in frastructure and ease of air access have improved immensely over the past fi ve years. So the city-state does not apply the traditional definition of com petition to its neighbours. Instead, co-operation in developing the region's tourism potential is at the core of the STPB's tourism strategy - part of i ts marketing effort is to assist visitors to Singapore to explore the attrac tions of neighbours Malaysia and Indonesia to further vary their experiences . Together with its Asean neighbours, the republic is promoting the region's multifarious attractions through several Visit Asean Year 1992 campaigns. E conomic co-operation is evident in the Growth Triangle where multinationals in Singapore unwilling to upgrade and automate in the light of higher wages are steered to Johor, Malaysia, and the Riau islands of Indonesia, whichhave lower land and labour costs. Singapore benefits by offering its marketing, management and financial expertise. The idea of multilateral co-operation wa s mooted on the basis that Singapore prospers with, rather than at the expen se of, its neighbours. The republic is in an excellent position to play ushe r. Last year, visitors to Malaysia doubled from 3.7m in 1989 to 7m arrivals, of which 65 per cent came through Singapore. The republic enjoyed a 20 per cent increase in earnings in 1990 to SDollars 7.6bn or 6 per cent of its gro ss domestic product. Though he disagrees with the Caribbean comparison, Joho r's chief minister, Mr Tan Sri Muhyiddin expects more tourism for the Growth Triangle. He is assuming the opening up of a market in cash-rich vistors fr om Japan, Taiwan and South Korea on the back of their strong economies. Base d on this assumption, thetriangle partners are forecasting 22.5m visitors yi elding some Dollars 22bn in 1992. The Asean Tourism Information Centre's pre liminary 1990 report on the industry concluded that the region will continue to be its own best tourism market as the importance of intra-Asean travel g rows and the regional economies strengthen. In 1989, the five Asean countrie s, excluding Brunei, earned Dollars 10.2bn in tourism with 36.8 per cent of the 16.4m arrivals being intra-Asean travel. Asean nations experienced 15-30 per cent growth in arrivals in 1990, which recordedmore than 17m visitors. Singapore was not spared the sharp worldwide drop in tourist arrivals during the Gulf War. Hotel occupancy rates sank as low as 30 per cent before recov ering back to the 70 per cent levels. Special discounts are being offered fo r the next few months to attract local and foreign custom. Even the finance minister, during his budget speech in March, gave some help to the hotels, r estaurants and tourist-related shops adversely affected by the Gulf War's se condary effects. He reduced the tourism excess rate from 4to 3 per cent for a year to tide them over their difficulties. The STPB expectsthe industry to pick up soon while others forecast recovery around the year-end. Meanwhile, Singapore continues to invest in developing its own tourism infrastructure and attractions. The Dollars 578m tourism development plan nearing fruition sees a new generation of tourism attractions coming onstream. The heritage a ttractions include some of the island's oldest buildings restored to their f ormer glory, such as Raffles Hotel of Somerset Maugham fame and Alkaff Mansi on, a grand getaway house on a hill formerly owned by a pioneer. The conserv ation efforts, which also include Chinatown and Tanjong Pagar, have played a prominent role as part of urban redevelopment plan in the late 1980s and 19 90, the tourism industry having been instrumental in preserving important pa rts of Singapore's heritage. New theme parks such as Haw Par Villa's combina tion of high-tech heaven and Chinese-style hell, and the Underwater World at Sentosa, widen fun options. At the infrastructural level, new resort hotels on Sentosa island diversify the range of accommodations available in the Li on City. The completion of the Singapore International Convention and Exhibi tion Centre at Suntec City, a project sponsored by the Who's Who of Hong Kon g's business moguls, adds to the industry's capabilities and underscore Sing apore's position as Asia's leading convention city. ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------- TOURISM I NDICATORS 1984-90 --------------------------------------------------------- ------------ Arrivals Room inventory % % change change 1984 2,991,430 4.8 16,440 13.6 1985 3,030,970 1.3 19,018 15.7 1986 3,191,058 5.3 22,080 16.1 1987 3,678,809 1 5.3 23,431 6.1 1988 4,186,091 13.8 24,669 5.3 1989 4,829,950 15.4 22,457 - 9.0 1990 5,310,992 10.0 23,807 6.0 ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Source: Singapore Tourist Promotion Board -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- The Financial Times London Pa ge VI Map (Omitted). Photograph (Omitted). Photograph Water fun, the lagoon at the Sentosa island theme park (above, right) which widens the tourist opt ions (Omitted). ============= Transaction # 112 ============================================== Transaction #: 112 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT921-15886 _AN-CAHBJAAPFT 920 108 FT 08 JAN 92 / Survey of Kenya (16): Strategies for all seasons - Tourism, from potential disaster to mild success < BYLINE> By JULIAN OZANNE THE worldwide downturn in touri sm last year, fuelled by the Gulf crisis, the international economic recessi on and the escalating costs of air travel, has proved a watershed in Kenya. Kenya's dynamic tourism industry, although faced by the prospect of a severe loss of jobs and hard currency in what is its biggest foreign exchange earn ing sector, has turned 1991 from being a potential disaster into a mild succ ess. The private sector and the government, with cancellations running at up to 60 per cent for the peak season of January to March, rallied with a seri es of measures. The boldest move by government was the decision to open up K enya to South African tourists, several months before the October Commonweal th head of government conference in Harare. Visas, previously denied to Sout h Africans, were granted at the airport and an agreement was reached to allo w South African Airways and Kenya Airways to operate one flight each a week between Nairobi and Johannesburg. The government also gave new incentives to the hotel training college, established an autonomous airports authority an d started the rehabilitation of Nairobi's international airport and continue d to strengthen the newly-created Kenya Wildlife Service, a semi-autonomous parastatal in charge of security and management in Kenya's national parks. T he private sector moved quickly, reducing rates and increasing charter fligh ts, particularly from Spain and Britain. In August and September there were 42 such flights a week arriving in Kenya, each with about 200 seats, in addi tion to scheduled flights. These measures appear to have averted a slump in tourist arrivals which in 1990 nearly reached 900,000 people, while foreign exchange earnings last year should approach the 1990 level of Dollars 467m. Sustaining the remarkable growth which Kenya's tourist sector has enjoyed si nce independence will not be easy. Since 1963 the numbers of visitors a year have increased from 110,000 to 889,000 in 1990 and foreign exchange earning s in the same period have mushroomed from Dollars 25m to Dollars 467m. In 19 87, tourism overtook coffee as the country's number one foreign exchange ear ner. The impact on the rest of the economy has been vast. Throughout the las t decade employment in the sector has grown by at least 5 per cent a year an d tourism has contributed to the expansion of the services sector - hotels, restaurants, road and air transport - and to allied industries such as const ruction and food. Much of the rapid growth in tourism in the past quarter of a century has been due to declining costs of air travel and the extensive i nfrastructure which was in place at independence. The government has created a reasonably attractive enabling environment through welcoming foreign inve stment in tourism, the development of infrastructure and the maintenance of relative political stability. Increasing importance has been given to conser vation and better animal management and while the national parks and reserve s sector was marred by a long period of poaching and inefficiency between 19 76-88 it has become a top priority. However, with mounting regional competit ion and the demands of the growing population a much greater effort is requi red. In order to continue generating jobs and increasing critical foreign ex change earnings the government has recognised the need to creat a better env ironment. Mr Philemon Mwaisaka, permanent secretary in the Ministry of Touri sm, says the government is targeting two key areas for growth over the next three years: diversifying the type of tourism available and drawing in visit ors from new markets. Diversification away from game parks and beaches will depend on giving greater importance to attractions such as cultural, confere nce and speciality tourism, scuba diving, fishing or mountaineering, and ope ning up new areas of Kenya to tourist development such as the volcanic deser t around Lake Turkana. Attracting visitors from outside the traditional mark ets of the US and Europe will require a big publicity drive in the Asia Paci fic area, particularly Japan and Singapore. In order to realise both ambitio ns a overhaul of Kenya's hitherto weak overseas marketing is necessary. So f ar the government has been content to leave most of the marketing to the pri vate sector. Unlike many other countries Kenya does not have an autonomous t ourist board. Between 1986 and 1990 the government spent a mere Dollars 25m on marketing. Kenya's well organised private sector has been lobbying hard f or a tourist board to be set up under an autonomous director to launch a con certed marketing campaign of research, information gathering and publicity t o enable the industry to better tailor and target their products in a compet itive market. The government has given its blessing to the appeal but progre ss appears slow. Good marketing and closer links with airlines will be vital to attract the high income from the choosy Japanese market. Plans for Kenya Airways to open up a route to Bangkok next year may prove insufficient to p enetrate Asia and South Africa is proving a formidable competitor with Singa pore Airlines operating a flight to Johannesburg. A number of issues need th e government's urgent attention. Problem areas include privatisation of gove rnment share holdings in hotels, developing a strategy for high income VIP t ourism, planning how to cope with the growing demand for combination tourism with tourists visiting at least two African countries, better harmonisation of visa and health requirements and more incentives, such as import duty ex emption on vehicles for the tourist sector. ------------------------------- ---------------------- TOURISM PROFILE ------------------------------------ ----------------- Total Total Aver. length rec eipts (Dollars m) visitors of stay (days) 1965 30.2 14 7,400 9.3 1970 51.8 326,500 8.8 1980 222.4 362,700 15.7 1985 239.8 541,200 15. 9 1987 354.9 662,100 16.0 1988 393.3 676,900 16.0 1989 417.0 729,700 14.2 1990 467 .0 (est) 889,000 (est) na ----------------------------------------- ------------ Source: Ministry of Tourism ---------------------------------- ------------------- The Financial Times London Pa ge VIII Map (Omitted). Table ============= Transaction # 113 ============================================== Transaction #: 113 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 629 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 114 ============================================== Transaction #: 114 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 13 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT942-1532 _AN-EFWDNAGLFT 9406 23 FT 23 JUN 94 / Survey of Korea (12): Island's charm i s under threat / A look at the impact that market liberalisation may have on Cheju By JOHN BURTON The beautiful volcanic island province of Cheju provides a good example of the challenges that South Korea is confronting in opening its domestic market to foreign c ompetition. Its half-million citizens are debating whether the benefits offe red by wider international access will outweigh the disruptive changes cause d by market liberalisation. Cheju, which lies 100 kilometres south of the Ko rean mainland, will be one of regions most affected by the relaxation of res trictions on agricultural imports under the recent Uruguay round of Gatt. Th e threatened decline of the agricultural industry, which has supported the i sland for centuries, is accelerating a shift toward international tourism as the province's new economic mainstay. This is also forcing a change in atti tudes on the island, which has traditionally displayed a fierce independence to the outside world. Cheju's tragic history has been marked by frequent re volts against the central government in Seoul. Its farmers were mostly freeh olders, rather than tenants as in the rest of Korea, which contributed to a resentment against the heavy hand of the central government. The rebellious nature of the island was reinforced by its role as a place of banishment for political exiles until the expiration of the Korean monarchy in 1910. The i sland suffered a mini-civil war in 1948-49, which was a harbinger of the Kor ean War of the 1950-53, when the Seoul government adopted a tough policy in reasserting its authority over the island following Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule. An estimated 30,000 persons, about 12 per cent of th e island's population at the time, were killed during the insurrection. The island's bloody history has created ambivalent attitudes toward the vast cha nges being imposed on Cheju from the outside. The most significant developme nt will be the decline of agriculture, which still accounts for 36 per cent of the island's economy. Cheju's agricultural industry is largely based on t angerines, which are grown on small, inefficient and heavily state-subsidise d farms on the southern half of the island. The full opening of the Korean m arket to tangerine imports by 2004 is likely to lead to a consolidation of l ocal farms. The government, however, hopes to take advantage of the lower tr ade barriers promised by the Uruguay round to increase tangerine and other a gricultural exports to Japan, which are expected to triple within the next f ive years to Dollars 100m. Cheju is seeking to create a sales network for ag ricultural products in Japan and establish direct shipping routes there for the quick delivery of produce. But these measures are only meant to preserve some of island's agricultural industry and will do little to sustain Cheju' s economic growth. Instead, the government is concentrating on inter- nation al tourism as the key instrument to revive the island's fortunes. The natura l beauty of the island is well-suited to attract visitors. Its landscape bea rs more similarities to Europe than to Asia, combining the volcanoes of Icel and with the moors of Ireland and the coast of northern Italy. The push for tourism began in the 1970s, when Cheju was developed as a honey- moon resort for Korean couples. It enjoyed a captive market since overseas travelling b y Koreans was severely restricted by the government until the late 1980s. To urism in the past few years has become the island's biggest industry, accoun ting for 40 per cent of the economy. But the recent easing of travel restric tions has meant that Korean newly-weds are now visiting Guam, Saipan and Haw aii instead. Cheju has switched its tourism strategy to attracting more fore ign visitors, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. A total of Won7,390bn will be invested in Cheju by 2001 to build a series of resort complexes in an at tempt to increase tourism by 50 per cent to 5.3m visitors annually. The emph asis will no longer be on mass tourism, but on attracting prosperous individ ual travellers. 'We would like to build more hotels, sports facilities, aqua riums, amusement parks, yacht marinas and casinoes in the hope of making Che ju the Las Vegas of Asia,' says Mr Chi Youn-tai, president of the Korean Nat ional Tourism Corporation. The KNTC has already established one resort compl ex at Chungman Beach and will participate in the construction of two others. The Hanjin conglomerate, which owns the country's main carrier Korean Air, is also planning to build a resort facility. The government estimates that i ncreased tourism by high-spending visitors will quintuple the size of the is land's economy to Won7,800bn by 2001. But the islanders have expressed resen tment at the development plans. 'Cheju people are very independent- minded a nd don't like to be interfered with by outsiders,' admits Mr Chi. 'These peo ple sometimes feel that the outsiders are reaping all the advantages of the development and they are left with little.' But the conclusion of the Urugua y Round and its impact on the island's agricultural sector are changing peop le's attitudes. 'They now realise that they have a beautiful place for touri sm, which will mean their survival. They are beginning to understand that to urism is very important,' Mr Chi explained. Public opposition to the buildin g of a second golf course on Cheju, for example, is receding. But the threat remains that extensive development will spoil the island's con- siderable n atural charm and destroy the appeal that first attracted visitors to Cheju. Countries:- KRZ South Korea, Asia. Indust ries:- P9641 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing. P9721 Inter national Affairs. P953 Housing and Urban Development. Types: - CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page VIII ============= Transaction # 115 ============================================== Transaction #: 115 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 15 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-6252 _AN-DKYDLAF6FT 9311 25 FT 25 NOV 93 / Survey of Turkish Finance and Industry (14): Tourism revenue drops - Terrorist attacks frighten off visitors By SHEILA JONES The lure of cheap holida ys in Turkey has been severely diminished by this year's spate of kidnapping s and bombings by Kurdish separatists. Visitors to Turkey plummeted from 2.8 m to 2.2m in the peak months of July, August and September, according to gov ernment figures. Earnings for the year are likely to be well below expectati ons and short of last year's Dollars 3.6bn. 'Terrorism has seriously undermi ned revenues from tourism,' says one western diplomat in Ankara. 'The govern ment had hoped for Dollars 6bn from tourism this year. That is likely to be halved because of the PKK (Kurdish separatist group).' Tourism is still one of Turkey's biggest single foreign exchange earners. Last year, the country took a 1.3 per cent share of the world's Dollars 279bn income from tourism. And the government says it believes earnings will pick up again next year. ' I am cautious about this year,' says Ms Ayse Feyizoglu, of the Turkish touri sm ministry. 'But in the long run I think the numbers should go on increasin g.' The industry has grown rapidly since the mid-1980s when the government s et out to encourage tourism by improving the infrastructure, including roads , hotels and airport facilities, particularly along the Mediterranean and Ae gean coast. 'In 1987, we had only 65,000 hotel beds,' says Ms Feyizoglu. 'No w there are more than 300,000, and facilities for a further 200,000 are unde r construction. In the next two to three years, we expect the number of fore ign visitors to rise to 10m a year.' Earnings from tourism rose sharply betw een 1985 and 1990 as droves of visitors, mostly from western Europe, took up the promise of a cheap and exotic holiday, with good food and virtually gua ranteed sunshine. Between 1985 and 1990 the number of foreigners visiting Tu rkey jumped from 2.5m to 5.4m, with receipts from tourism rising from Dollar s 1.5bn to Dollars 3.2bn. The rise was interrupted in the aftermath of the G ulf War, when earnings dropped to Dollars 2.65bn in 1991. Last year, the num bers bounced back, with 7m visitors, producing receipts of Dollars 3.6bn. Ho wever, up to September this year Turkey had attracted only 5m foreign touris ts, against 6.7m a year ago. The latest figures, coupled with a rising numbe r of Turks travelling abroad, undermine government attempts to improve the c ountry's balance of payments position with earnings from tourism. An estimat ed 3.2m Turks going abroad will reduce the net figure from tourism this year by Dollars 950,000. Turks are expected to spend Dollars 1bn on holidays abr oad next year. Ms Feyizoglu says that Turkey is making up some of the losses from Europe with a rising number of visitors from the south-east Asia, in p articular from Japan. Last year, nearly 28,000 Japanese tourists visited Tur key, according to government figures, against 12,000 the year before. After terrorist attacks on coastal resorts and kidnappings of foreigners, the gove rnment has promised greater security at hotels and other holiday accommodati on. The slide in earnings has also prompted new minimum regulations for the industry. Recession in Europe has discouraged visitors from abroad, says Ms Feyizoglu. The number of Germans, who account for the largest group of touri sts in Turkey at about 12 per cent, has declined this year by more than 5 pe r cent. But officials say terrorist attacks are only part of the problem. 'T he Germans also fear reprisals after neo-Nazi attacks on Turks in Germany,' says Ms Feyizoglu. 'But no-one here would contemplate such an act of revenge .' Western embassies in Ankara, including those of the US, Germany and the U K, are still warning their citizens to steer clear of south-east Turkey, alt hough not of the rest of the country. Yet thousands of foreigners are stayin g away, for whatever reason, and next year's official target of 8m visitors to Turkey may prove optimistic. Countries:- TRZ Turk ey, Middle East. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Recre ation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 116 ============================================== Transaction #: 116 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 16 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11956 _AN-EG1ANAF7FT 940 727 FT 27 JUL 94 / Survey of Tunisia (11): Europeans are targeted - James Harding looks at the country's tourism strategy By JAMES HARDING 'Tourism in Tunisia is a sun , sea and sand product,' according to Mr Mohammed Jegham, minister for touri sm. 'There is sometimes another 's', but we do not encourage that, we leave it to our tourists.' So saucy a comment may seem out of place from a ministe r of a state where Islam is the dominant religion, but from the representati ve of a tourism industry making a pitch for the Mediterranean market it is q uite appropriate. Rather than aiming for tourists to Morocco or Egypt, Mr Je gham has his sights on people who might go to the Balearics, Canaries or Gre ece. Along the coast and on the islands just offshore, purpose-built resorts at Tabarka and Jerba, along with established destinations such as Hammamet, Sousse and Monastir, offer holiday-makers guaranteed sun, a decent stretch of sand, soft rock by the poolside, a cuisine blessed by both French and Ara b influences, and local wine, all for less than they would get it on the nor thern side of the Med. Tourists appear to be appreciating this. Mr Jegham pr edicts a record year for hard-currency receipts from tourism of Dollars 1.3b n, rising by a further 15 per cent to Dollars 1.5bn in 1995. The official fi gures support his optimism, showing that for the first four months of 1994 t ourists spent 4.54m nights in Tunisia, up 24 per cent on the previous year. Results are particularly encouraging for the new luxury resorts offering gol f, sailing, hunting and diving in addition to the standard indulgences of a beach holiday, with tourism nights up by 48 per cent at Tabarka and 38 per c ent at Jerba. What is significant in a sector which represents only 5-6 per cent of GDP but 20-25 per cent of hard currency receipts, is that Tunisia is attracting more European tourists. In 1993, west European visitors rose by 17 per cent to 2.16m, including 712,000 Germans, 448,000 Frenchmen, 246,000 Britons and 242,000 Italians. The east European market is also being develop ed successfully, with numbers doubling to 70,000 last year, estimated to inc rease to 100,000 this year, and predicted to grow to 150,000 in 1995. It is numbers that drive Tunisia's tourism strategy. The pace of construction sugg ests that the country will have 200,000 hotel beds by the end of the century . Investment in quantity, which offers regular, bankable receipts, rather th an quality, which is notoriously vulnerable to trends in elite tourism, may seem over-cautious. But Tunisian hoteliers point out that even if five-star tourists spend a lot, they can also be infuriatingly unpredictable. Consider ing the numbers of workers who rely on tourism - Tunisian hotels employ 60,0 00 people and other linked sectors a further 200,000 according to the touris m ministry, not to mention its impact on such sectors as construction, agric ulture and services - prudent investment in the more dependable beach holida y market promises steady results. Nevertheless, sun, sea and sand is not all that is on offer - for travellers who interpret Mr Jegham's fourth 's' to m ean sites, there are several points of interest. In addition to the Islamic sites at Kairouan, the mosaics at the Bardo museum, and the desert in the so uth, there are several outstanding Roman sites. At El Jem stands the largest amphitheatre in Africa visible from five miles away across the open scrub o f the Sahel plain. The 30,000-seater was built in the second century AD and despite recurrent attacks and bombardment against rebels who holed up in the re over the first 1,000 years of its existence, it is well-preserved. The de licate touches in the form of mosaics, inscriptions and sculpture which are noticeably missing from the theatre itself can be found in the accompanying museum. In the north-west corner of Tunisia, not far from the Algerian borde r, two further Roman sites are available for what is, in effect, a private v iewing. Dougga, a large provincial Roman town built in AD 168 sprawls across a hillside commanding a view across a broad valley of olive groves, wheatfi elds and fallow ground. For an 1,800-year-old site, it feels strangely lived -in - the interconnecting dwellings, shops, latrines and temples recreate a sense of the intimacy of the original Dougga community. The wealthy inhabita nts of Bulla Regia, which lies above the Mejerda Valley and 60km north of Do ugga, chose to build underground rather than on a hillside exposed to the he at. They made little allowance in architectural or aesthetic terms for the i nconvenience of building beneath the ground - the villas exhibit classical c ourtyards, the remains of central fountains and a few pristine mosaics in si tu, all in a cool, comfortable environment. These exceptional sites are larg ely untroubled by tourists. Development of the beach holiday package has bee n at the expense of investment in the infrastructure for sightseeing. As a r esult, the benefits of privacy in 'discovering' Tunisia are paid for in the costs of transport - car hire is extortionate. With receipts growing at 10 per cent on the back of Mediterranean business, there is little reason for t he enthusiastic and successful Mr Jegham to redirect Tunisia's tourism strat egy to invest in roads and buses to the sites and super-luxury hotels for an elite clientele. Until that kind of investment is made, however, you will h ave to wake the gatekeeper at Dougga. Countries:- TNZ Tunisia, Africa. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Rec reation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. < PUB>The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 117 ============================================== Transaction #: 117 Transaction Code: 14 (Search Results Displayed) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 0 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 629 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 12 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: ============= Transaction # 118 ============================================== Transaction #: 118 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 25 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-3223 _AN-CINBUADLFT 9209 14 FT 14 SEP 92 / Survey on Mauritius (12): Expanding to urism presents dilemmas - Paradise has problems By J ULIAN OZANNE GOLDEN sunlight dances off the clear turquoise water of the Indian ocean. A gentle breeze, blowing across the lagoon, rust les the deep green leaves of palm trees fringing white sandy beaches. Half a mile out to sea, the surf breaks gently over the coral reef. There are few 'sea, sun and sand' tourist destinations in the world which come as close to paradise as Mauritius, with its excellent facilities for deep sea diving, b ig game fishing, water skiing, wind surfing, riding and sailing. But the tou rism sector is struggling to come to terms with a rocketing expansion of the industry. This has created serious environmental and economic problems and left government confused about the policy direction it should follow for the next five years. Industry experts say a comprehensive government five-year tourism development policy is eagerly awaited. They look to this to give cle ar directions about critical policy issues such as tourist arrivals, hotel d evelopment, international marketing strategies, environmental impact assessm ents, and plans to develop a more diversified and high quality product. The tourism boom in Mauritius has been impressive. Tourist arrivals have doubled in six years: 148,900 in 1985 to 298,500 last year. Earnings have risen fro m MR845m to M3.9bn over the same period, making tourism the third biggest fo reign exchange winner. Particularly good results have been achieved in boost ing the average spending per tourist, which increased from MR5,676 in 1985 t o M13,000 in 1991. After a disappointing year in 1991, during which tourist arrivals increased only by 2.4 per cent over the previous year ( mainly beca use of world recession and the Gulf War), Mr Noel Lee Cheong Lem, minister o f tourism, says arrivals look likely to return to a growth rate of about 10 per cent this year. This pattern of growth has had its costs. The number of hotels in the past six years has increased from 55 to 80, with an increase i n the number of beds from 5,387 to 10,482. Bed occupancy rates fell to a rec ord low of only 47 per cent last year, as the increase in tourists has not k ept pace with the increase in beds. Between 1985-1988, according to Mr Lem, a number of hotel development certificates were distributed as 'political fa vours' - without either adequate planning about how the new hotels were goin g to be filled, or consideration of the environmental impact of this expansi on. With low occupancy rates the new hotels are struggling to make profits, despite attempts to buy market share by cutting rates. Furthermore, the unre gulated growth in the number of hotels has had a detrimental impact on the e nvironment. Dumping of untreated sewage into the seas and lagoons, particula rly severe in the Grand Baie area, has had a damaging impact on the marine e cosystem. A moratorium on 20 new hotel projects expired last year, but Mr Le m says 16 of these projects have subsequently been shelved, and the governme nt is trying to persuade the other four not to go ahead. 'We are applying th e brakes on the further expansion of the tourist sector and at the same time trying to widen the market to allow hotels to achieve the rate of occupancy which is viable and profitable.' All new hotel developments will now also b e subject to an environmental impact assessment under the new Ministry of th e Environment. If hotel development is slowed, and the growth in arrivals co ntinues to boom, Mauritius's capacity problem and the economic viability of hotels is likely to ease considerably within the next three to four years. T he government has now abandoned an arbitrary limit of 400,000 arrivals by th e year 2000, and Mr Lem says Mauritius is a long way from the threshold of t olerance of tourist arrivals, and that the ratio of tourist arrivals to popu lation is still so low that at least 500,000 arrivals by the end of the cent ury is acceptable and possible. Two important challenges face the government in seeking to increase arrivals: developing new markets, and developing the infrastructure for the 'second phase' of development. Government is pinning its hopes on development of the Japanese and Indian markets, and consolidat ion of the French, British, German and South African markets. A once-a-week flight from Osaka to Mauritius is expected to start by 1994. But hoteliers a nd tour operators say the Government Tourist Office is weak and ineffective, and must develop a much more aggressive marketing campaign. They say the MR 65m allocated to promotion in this year's budget is not enough. The governme nt will continue to ban charter flights, camping and caravan sites, to disco urage 'low budget' tourists and maintain Mauritius's image as an upmarket de stination for 'low volume high income'. The question remains whether the suf ficient growth in numbers can come from the high income market alone. Moreov er, many 'low budget' tourists, especially from France, continue to find the ir way to Mauritius by taking charters to Reunion and then making the short (50 minutes) flight to Mauritius. Some hoteliers and tour operators believe it would be better to accept that low budget tourists are going to come, cat er properly for them, and get the maximum revenue out of them. They also say that Mauritius remains an extremely expensive destination, even for the hig h-income bracket tourist, and that only by considerably improving the qualit y of the product and service will the industry be able to continue to attrac t increased volume in the face of competition from Kenya, Seychelles, Indone sia, Maldives and Thailand. Development of infrastructure and added faciliti es will be critical to further growth - as will maximising revenue by attrac ting tourists off the beaches to spend more money on other activities. The d evelopment of the National Handicraft Centre, and of inland facilities such as the 'Domain du Chasseur,' a deer hunting and nature park, is being welcom ed by the private sector. After a period of rapid growth the government is n ow facing crucial decisions on how to consolidate and expand its thriving to urist sector to ensure that continued growth will be sustainable. --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- TOURISM ------------------------------------------------------- ------------- 1986 1988 1990 1991 1992* -------------------------------------------------------------------- Arrivals (000s) 165.3 239.3 291.6 300.7 330 Gross ea rnings (MRs) 1.19bn 2.37bn 3.63bn 3.88bn 4.40bn Bed occupancy (%) 61.4 74.1 68.4 60.0 62.0 Hotels 56 64 75 80 80 Employment 5,955 7,005 9,670 10,388 12,000 *Predictions. ----------------------- --------------------------------------------- Source: Ministry of Tourism, M auritius Government Tourist Office ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 119 ============================================== Transaction #: 119 Transaction Code: 19 (Record Selected) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 26 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-1609 _AN-ELSDLAFKFT 9412 19 FT 19 DEC 94 / Survey of Sweden (7): Growing rapidly - Tourism By KAREN FOSSLI Tourism i s one of Sweden's fastest-growing sectors and, although the trade is relativ ely young, ranks as the country's third-largest industry, generating annual turnover of an estimated SKr98bn of which SKr21bn is derived from foreign to urists. The attraction of Sweden has to be, among many things, the country's unspoilt environment and alluring scenery comprising 60,000 islands, 90,000 lakes, a 4,725-mile coastline and endless forests. There are also 350 museu ms in the country and a wide variety of special events throughout the year. The tourist industry peaked in 1989 when turnover hit SKr100bn, but nose-div ed by nearly SKr80bn during 1990-91 when the then Social Democratic governme nt led by Mr Ingvar Carlsson, increased value added tax on tourism to 25 per cent in two stages. The VAT increase coincided with the onset of the deepes t recession to hit Sweden since the second world war. But the industry recov ered during 1991-93 after a new conservative Moderate government, led by Mr Carl Bildt, reorganised the marketing of tourism and cut VAT to 12 per cent. These factors were aided by the start of a recovery in the economy which be gan at the end of 1993. Nevertheless, even after the rate cut, Sweden's VAT remains significantly higher than the European average. The Swedes argue vig orously that prices in their country have become competitive with the rest o f Europe while a main priority of marketing seeks to dispel 'the myth' that Sweden is far too expensive to be considered a holiday destination by more t han just the elite. 'Surveys show that many foreigners still believe that Sw eden is too expensive. Heavy resources are therefore being invested in marke ting Sweden abroad,' the Swedish Trade Council said in its 1994 annual repor t on the country. In the first nine months of this year, the number of overn ight stays in Swedish hotels by foreigners rose 13 per cent compared with th e year-earlier period, and industry executives are predicting that 1994 will be a record year in terms of growth. Last year, foreigners' overnight stays alone reached 6.1m. During the first nine months of 1994, Dutch and Danish tourists accounted for the highest growth rate in overnight stays in percent age terms, rising respectively 25 per cent and 26 per cent while US visitors rose by 14 per cent. German tourists, the largest group of foreign visitors to Sweden, increased their overnight stays by 13 per cent and UK tourists 1 1 per cent. Another indication of the strength of this year's activity is a forecast rise in the number of cruise ship passengers calling on Stockholm a lone. It is estimated that international cruise ships will make 125 visits t o the capital city this year, carrying a total of 70,000 passengers, represe nting an increase of 10,000 passengers over 1993. Mr Per-Johann Orrby, presi dent of Next Stop Sweden (NSS), the Swedish Travel and Tourist Council, attr ibutes the rise in tourism's fortunes partly to Sweden's attractive prices - in foreign currency terms - since the krona was devalued by nearly 30 per c ent in 1992. The reduction of VAT and a slight recovery of the economy are a lso considered significant. NSS reckons that sterling buys 15 per cent more in Sweden since the devaluation, while the purchasing power of the US dollar has risen 18 per cent and the German mark 30 per cent. But the Swedes proba bly also have their next-door Nordic neighbours to thank for foreign interes t, following Norway's success in arranging the Winter Olympics earlier this year. For more than two weeks in February, hours and hours of pristine, sunl it 'Scandinavian' winter images were broadcast worldwide from Lillehammer in Norway. Such coverage undoubtedly had a spill-over affect for Sweden and mu st have improved the country's standing as a tourist destination. The Olympi cs boosted Norway's tourist industry by as much as 5 per cent this year but it would be difficult to quantify the effect it had on Swedish tourism. Acco rding to Mr Jan Brannstrom, managing director of Image Sweden, the state-bac ked agency which promotes Sweden internationally, recent studies revealed th at about half the foreign tourists visiting Sweden do so as part of a Scandi navian tour. But, he said, there were no plans for a joint Scandinavian tour ism marketing effort and, in the long-run, he saw few, if any, benefits from such a scheme. Another important factor which has undoubtedly lifted the aw areness of Sweden abroad is the apparent success of the big overhaul of the organisational structure of marketing services for tourism. The Swedish Tour ist Board was dismantled and Image Sweden established together with NSS. Ima ge Sweden purchases marketing services from NSS for an estimated NKr60m annu ally. Countries:- SEZ Sweden, West Europe. Industries:- P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financ ial Times London Page IV ============= Transaction # 120 ============================================== Transaction #: 120 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 1 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-44 _AN-EI3DUAHVFT 940930 FT 30 SEP 94 / Survey of World Economy and Finance - In dustry (28): A powerhouse of revenue - Tourism / Developing countries are co ttoning on By RICHARD GORDON At a r ecent tourism conference, held on a Thames river boat in London, Stephen Dor rell, the UK heritage secretary, told a group of tourism leaders that Britai n needs to regain its declining share of the growing global tourism market. At that moment, a London red bus, emblazoned with a sign inviting Londoners to 'Visit Korea in 1994', thundered overhead on Vauxhall Bridge. The problem for Britain, and other traditional tourist destinations, is that the rest o f the world has cottoned on to tourism. As the biggest growth industry, empl oyer and source of revenue around the world, many developing countries have realised a quicker way to buy into first world affluence is by boosting thei r tourism potential rather then by selling tractors, bananas and rice. Globa l tourism, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, will double in s ize between 1990 and 2005. The market has been growing by 5 per cent a year in real terms since 1970. In 1993, the global tourism industry generated USD ollars 3,400bn in gross output, produced 10.1 per cent of GDP, and accounted for 10.5 per cent of all jobs. The Council says governments cannot afford t o ignore the industry's role as an economic powerhouse and should make it a strategic development priority. The sheer size of the global industry has aw akened many multinational companies to the possibilities of global brands an d market dominance. As airlines form international networks and alliances, s o, too, travel agents, hotel brands and car hire firms are banding together. Several companies have already made the first moves towards serving the glo bal tourism marketplace. The US travel agent Carlson, together with its Euro pean counterpart Wagonlit, is now the world's largest travel agent, with 4,0 00 units. Carlson also wants to be the world's largest hotel brand using its Radisson name. American Express is about to buy a large chunk of Thomas Coo k's travel agency business in North America, the largest tourism market The only areas not targeted by the global brands are the Middle East and Asia, w here international arrivals in East Asia and the Pacific grew four times fas ter than the world average in 1993, reaching a record of 69m visitors. While arrivals were up by 12.6 per cent, revenue grew by 15.2 per cent to USDolla rs 52.6bn. The World Tourism Organisation forecasts 101m arrivals in East As ia and the Pacific by 2000, and 190m by 2010. However, this growth may be co nstrained by a shortage of human resources, the health and safety of tourist s, environmental concerns, under-developed infrastructure and local resident s' unease over the number of tourists. But global tourism growth makes it cl ear why the UK annual tourism revenue growth of 5.7 per cent has caused a gr eat deal of hand wringing within certain UK tourism industry circles. Robert Peel, chairman and chief executive of UK hotel company Mount Charlotte Inve stments, says the world tourism market is all about value for money. 'There is a distinct relationship between prices and volume in world tourism. To ge t more tourists to the UK we have to make it worth their while to come here. The foreign exchange rate is a big factor in the equation. The UK is now 20 per cent better value for foreign tourists than two years ago.' But the UK is facing tough competition in the international marketplace. For example, M exico, Australia and the Caribbean island of Aruba each spend more on touris m promotion in the US than the UK does. The biggest expense of any tourism d estination is advertising and promotion. In 1993, national governments spent USDollars 1.4bn selling themselves to the tourists. Apart from advertising, other factors such as investment in tourism infrastructure, new airline rou tes and political stability influence the international tourists' holiday de cision. One of the most important issues impacting the MIddle East is the pr esent peace negotiations between Israel, the PLO, Jordan and Syria. The lack of peace in the region has been a principal reason for the limited number o f tourist arrivals. As a whole, the Middle East in its best year of 1992 att racted only 2 per cent of the world's tourist arrivals or 9m visitors, compa red to Greece which also attracted 9m. Israel stands to benefit the most in terms of tourism from the recent peace process. Tourist arrivals in Israel r eached a record level of 1.65m last year. Lasting peace in the region would create a vast influx of business and leisure tourists in Israel. Jordan, Leb anon, and Syria could also expect to see a sizeable increase in tourism. Vie tnam is the latest fashionable destination for tourists. There has been huge growth in tourism to Vietnam, but the figures are relatively small. Most vi sitors are business people as tourist visas are hard to obtain. Foreign inve stment in Vietnam in the first quarter of this year jumped by 58 per cent co mpared to the same period last year. Between 1988 and 1990, most projects in volving foreign money were in the hotel and oil sectors. The total amount of foreign investment in 1994 is expected to reach USDollars 3.5bn, of which 7 0 per cent is in joint ventures. The emergence and acceptability of Vietnam was confirmed recently when British Airways announced that it is negotiating to operate two flights per week from London to Ho Chi Minh City. Robert Bur ns, chairman of the World Travel & Tourism Council, believes Shanghai will e merge in 10 years as the most important Asian city. A new airport, which cou ld handle 150 landings an hour, is being built. Hotels in Shanghai are opera ting at near capacity and room rates are rocketing. As Mr Burns pointed out, Japan now has a policy, the result of a balance of trade problem, that 20 p er cent of its population should travel abroad by 2010. If China ever had ju st two 2 per cent of its population travelling overseas, the rest of the wor ld would be inundated with Chinese tourists. Countries:- GBZ United Kingdom, EC. XAZ World. Industries:- < IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. P7999 Amusement an d Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page XVI ============= Transaction # 121 ============================================== Transaction #: 121 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 2 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-9708 _AN-DKIC6AF4FT 9311 09 FT 09 NOV 93 / Survey of Australia (2): A place in th e Pacific sun - Tourism By BRUCE JACQUES < TEXT> INTERNATIONAL tourism has emerged from near obscurity to become one of Australia's fastest growing industries in the past decade, but it heads tow ards 1994 in a state of dichotomy. Although the industry is one of the few d efying world recession with solid growth rates, tourism remains hazardous gr ound for investors, writes Bruce Jacques. This reflects a 'two-speed' growth record in the past decade which has left substantial imbalances in infrastr ucture, sapped confidence and increased the perceived risk of tourism invest ment. But there are signs, boosted by Sydney's successful bid to host the 20 00 Olympics, that tourism is set for a period of accelerated new growth. Int ernational tourism burst on to an unsuspecting Australia amid the financial boom of the mid 1980s, with overseas visits jumping nearly 200 per cent to 2 .25m in the half decade to 1988. Figures just released confirm that growth i n the half decade since has been a more modest 28 per cent for visits of jus t under 2.8m in 1992-93. This growth volatility has left some bad investment decisions in its wake. Real estate estimates suggest that almost 10 per cen t of the nation's three, four and five star accommodation properties are now either in receivership or under the administration of their banks. That is almost 70 properties, covering about 10,000 rooms - enough to give pause to any investor. Several other factors have added to the industry's roller coas ter feel, including: the Federal Government's deregulation of the aviation i ndustry and subsequent heavy losses and rationalisation among the country's airlines; the unique double failure of Compass Airlines - the new market ent rant that was touted as giving meaning to deregulation; and postponement of the public float of Qantas, the country's international carrier, from which the Federal Government hopes to raise more than ADollars 1.5bn. But just as investors were caught by overestimating the industry's growth, there are sig ns that those who continue to retreat will miss the next cycle. Christopher Brown, executive director of tourism's umbrella body, Tourism Task Force, be lieves some hard lessons have been learned. target more rapid growth. 'You h ave to remember we've only been in the international tourism business in a b ig way for just over a decade,' Mr Brown says. 'What we had in the 1980s was a marketing-led rather than product-led boom. Some of our early marketing c ampaigns (notably the Paul Hogan 'shrimp on the barbie' advertisements) were among the best in the world. But events since have shown that the industry wasn't really able to handle the boom in overseas tourists that followed.' M r Brown believes the industry tried to become too sophisticated too early. ' We thought we had achieved worldwide awareness, but we now know we didn't. B ut the result is that, although some of it is under-utilised, we now have so me of the world's best tourism infrastructure.' Mr Brown says that with the Olympics and increased government recognition and funding for tourism, the i ndustry is now targeting an annual rate of around 7.5m overseas arrivals by 2000. The target would have been around 6m without the Olympics, but both ai ms are considerably higher than estimates of 4.8m arrivals by the government funded Bureau of Tourism Research (BTR). While any of these estimates sugge sts strong growth, the industry still has a task ahead in educating investor s. Mr Brown says banks and institutions are still far less adept at assessin g investments in tourism than other sectors. That ranks as a serious oversig ht given the scale of the industry. While tourism is often proudly promoted as Australia's biggest export earner, that description understates its econo mic importance. If the international and domestic tourism components are tak en together, the industry is arguably Australia's biggest. Judging by BTR fi gures, no investment institution of any standing can afford not to have expo sure to the industry. The BTR publication, Tourism and the Economy, calculat ed that tourism accounted for 465,000 jobs, 5.6 per cent of the country's gr oss domestic product and 10 per cent of its foreign exchange earnings in 199 2. The BTR figures showed that domestic tourism expenditure, at ADollars 18. 4bn, was almost 2.4 times the size of its international counterpart at ADoll ars 7.7bn, for respective GDP contributions of 3.8 and 1.8 per cent. Latest estimates suggest that in 1993 domestic tourism expenditure will exceed ADol lars 22bn, with international expenditure rising to ADollars 8.6bn. Perhaps the clincher for the tourism industry in its push for a larger share of inve stment funds lies in Australia's geographic location. Leading stockbrokers A NZ McCaughan (AM) put the case well in a recent publication, urging investme nt in Australian air lines. 'Australia is positioned on the edge of the fast est-growing tourism region in the world - the Asia/Pacific,' AM analysts sai d. 'By the Year 2000, the Asia/Pacific region with a 39 per cent share, is e xpected to dominate the world's international air traffic. 'The other two ma jor regions will be Europe (26 per cent) and North America (23 per cent). Fo r the remainder of the 1990s air travel in the Asia/Pacific region is expect ed to grow by an average 9.4 per cent a year, almost twice as fast as the US (4.9 per cent) and far faster than Europe (5.5 per cent).' AM quoted a BTR break down forecasting that the proportion of Asia/Pacific tourists visiting Australia will rise from 43 to almost 50 per cent by 2000. 'Japan, Asia, th e US and Europe will be the key inbound markets by the year 2000,' AM said. 'The proximity of these countries to Australia, together with relaxation of institutional constraints on travel, .. augurs well for larger visitor numbe rs.' Countries:- AUZ Australia. Industrie s:- P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times L ondon Page I ============= Transaction # 122 ============================================== Transaction #: 122 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 4 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT924-9868 _AN-CKCCTAGQFT 9211 03 FT 03 NOV 92 / Survey of Portugal (9): Quality, not q uantity - A shift in strategy in the tourism sector By PETER WISE HOLIDAYS spent amid the dust and noise of bui lding sites cause the biggest number of complaints from British tourists who visit Portugal's southern Algarve coast, according to a recent survey for t he Department of Tourism. These visitors are victims of constructors who hav e been trying to keep pace with a boom in tourism that has transformed the c ountry's main holiday region in the past decade. Tourism has been growing at a rate of 11.5 per cent a year since 1980 and high-rise hotels and apartmen t blocks have mushroomed at a similar speed. European tourism as whole has g rown at a rate of only 3.5 per cent a year over that period. Recent statisti cs reflect the dramatic expansion of tourism. This year Portugal expects to welcome 20m visitors, double the population, and almost 10m tourists (visito rs who stay one night or more). This compares with 7m visitors and 2.7m tour ists in 1980. As a result, the importance of tourism to the Portuguese econo my has greatly increased. Today, it accounts for 6 to 8 per cent of the gros s domestic product, a contribution to national wealth that equals that of te xtiles, civil construction or the financial sector. Foreign currency receipt s have grown from Es57.5bn (Pounds 263m) in 1980 to Es530bn in 1991. These e arnings cover half of Portugal's trade deficit, making an important contribu tion to the current account balance. To ease the strain of this boom on the Algarve, where some areas are becoming overcrowded, disorganised and ugly, t he government has devised a new strategy for the tourism sector. It switches the emphasis from new building to diversification and expanding the use of existing facilities. According to Mr Alexandre Relvas, secretary of state fo r tourism, 'our resources have their limits and sooner or later we will reac h saturation point'. Instead, tourism policy will switch from a heavy depend ence on sun and sea holidays and an over-strong reliance on the UK and Spain , to more emphasis on investing to improve facilities rather than build new ones. To this end, the Department of Tourism has drawn up a 19-point plan wi th the overall aim of improving the competitiveness of Portuguese tourism. T he strategy will be backed up with an Es50bn (Pounds 230m) two-year financia l programme to support investment. 'To be competitive in the 1990s, tourism has to invest heavily in quality rather than quantity,' says Mr Relvas. 'Thi s financial programme will help us create a competitive tourism industry in the future.' A total of Es20bn from the new fund will be provided as grants for investment, 60 per cent financed by European Community structural funds. Grants will cover up to 25 per cent of the total cost of investment. But un like the past, very little will be made available for building new hotels. I nstead, the money will go to modernise and re-equip existing units, for the construction of additional facilities such as golf courses and congress cent res and to diversify from beach holidays into sports and cultural tourism. A further Es30bn will be made available by the Tourism Fund, a special credit institution, and banks at low interest rates. Portugal's new tourism strate gy is also aimed at combating a worrying trend. While the number of tourists has increased spectacularly, the amount they spend is falling. In 1980 aver age spending per tourist was 35 per cent above the European average in dolla r terms. Today, it is 15 per cent below. Tourists currently spend a mere Es9 ,000 a day on hotels and restaurants. Tourism authorities have mapped out tw o main strategies for changing this. Beach holidays have become a mature mar ket, where growth is falling off rapidly. Tough competition between major op erators and the globalisation of the market through airline liberalisation i s forcing down prices. Portugal is trying to diversify away from this sector into congresses, cultural tourism and golf and other sporting holidays. 'Th is development will offer the twin advantages of attracting higher-spending tourists and being able to use existing Algarve facilities in the off-season ,' says Mr Relvas. Officials also want to attract tourists away from the Alg arve, which accounts for 40 per cent of total bed nights, to other areas, su ch as the Lisbon coastline and the unspoiled Alentejo region north of the Al garve. Though Portugal will maintain promotional efforts in Britain and Spai n, which together account for half its bed nights, efforts will also be made to boost the Italian, French and German markets and to break into the US an d Japan. Regular flights from Japan, scheduled to begin in 1994, should help increase the number of its tourists from the current level of 30,000 a year . The Financial Times London Page V ============= Transaction # 123 ============================================== Transaction #: 123 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 6 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT911-2446 _AN-BD3BIAC6FT 9104 30 FT 30 APR 91 / Survey of Singapore (13): An alliance of regional rivals - Tourism: in a good position to play the role of an ushe r By JOYCE QUEK SINGAPORE is facing the challenges posed by some of its neighbours in the tourism industry in a n unusual way. It has developed a two-pronged response to the challenge of r egional and global tourism. It aims to consolidate and further strengthen it s own tourism product while playing its part to market the broader attractio ns of its Asean neighbours. The authorities believe this to be in the intere sts of the region. The Singapore Tourist Promotion Board's (STPB) stance is that the true tourism competition comes not from its neighbours but from oth er regions of the world, particularly well-established tourist destinations such as the Caribbean or the Mediterranean. The mood of Asean being currentl y co-operative, the answer comes as no surprise. The concept of marketing th e region as an alternative to the Caribbean or the Mediterranean has merit. The appeal of Asean as a region is much greater than any single country. And yet, diversity is available in a compact geographical area where tourism in frastructure and ease of air access have improved immensely over the past fi ve years. So the city-state does not apply the traditional definition of com petition to its neighbours. Instead, co-operation in developing the region's tourism potential is at the core of the STPB's tourism strategy - part of i ts marketing effort is to assist visitors to Singapore to explore the attrac tions of neighbours Malaysia and Indonesia to further vary their experiences . Together with its Asean neighbours, the republic is promoting the region's multifarious attractions through several Visit Asean Year 1992 campaigns. E conomic co-operation is evident in the Growth Triangle where multinationals in Singapore unwilling to upgrade and automate in the light of higher wages are steered to Johor, Malaysia, and the Riau islands of Indonesia, whichhave lower land and labour costs. Singapore benefits by offering its marketing, management and financial expertise. The idea of multilateral co-operation wa s mooted on the basis that Singapore prospers with, rather than at the expen se of, its neighbours. The republic is in an excellent position to play ushe r. Last year, visitors to Malaysia doubled from 3.7m in 1989 to 7m arrivals, of which 65 per cent came through Singapore. The republic enjoyed a 20 per cent increase in earnings in 1990 to SDollars 7.6bn or 6 per cent of its gro ss domestic product. Though he disagrees with the Caribbean comparison, Joho r's chief minister, Mr Tan Sri Muhyiddin expects more tourism for the Growth Triangle. He is assuming the opening up of a market in cash-rich vistors fr om Japan, Taiwan and South Korea on the back of their strong economies. Base d on this assumption, thetriangle partners are forecasting 22.5m visitors yi elding some Dollars 22bn in 1992. The Asean Tourism Information Centre's pre liminary 1990 report on the industry concluded that the region will continue to be its own best tourism market as the importance of intra-Asean travel g rows and the regional economies strengthen. In 1989, the five Asean countrie s, excluding Brunei, earned Dollars 10.2bn in tourism with 36.8 per cent of the 16.4m arrivals being intra-Asean travel. Asean nations experienced 15-30 per cent growth in arrivals in 1990, which recordedmore than 17m visitors. Singapore was not spared the sharp worldwide drop in tourist arrivals during the Gulf War. Hotel occupancy rates sank as low as 30 per cent before recov ering back to the 70 per cent levels. Special discounts are being offered fo r the next few months to attract local and foreign custom. Even the finance minister, during his budget speech in March, gave some help to the hotels, r estaurants and tourist-related shops adversely affected by the Gulf War's se condary effects. He reduced the tourism excess rate from 4to 3 per cent for a year to tide them over their difficulties. The STPB expectsthe industry to pick up soon while others forecast recovery around the year-end. Meanwhile, Singapore continues to invest in developing its own tourism infrastructure and attractions. The Dollars 578m tourism development plan nearing fruition sees a new generation of tourism attractions coming onstream. The heritage a ttractions include some of the island's oldest buildings restored to their f ormer glory, such as Raffles Hotel of Somerset Maugham fame and Alkaff Mansi on, a grand getaway house on a hill formerly owned by a pioneer. The conserv ation efforts, which also include Chinatown and Tanjong Pagar, have played a prominent role as part of urban redevelopment plan in the late 1980s and 19 90, the tourism industry having been instrumental in preserving important pa rts of Singapore's heritage. New theme parks such as Haw Par Villa's combina tion of high-tech heaven and Chinese-style hell, and the Underwater World at Sentosa, widen fun options. At the infrastructural level, new resort hotels on Sentosa island diversify the range of accommodations available in the Li on City. The completion of the Singapore International Convention and Exhibi tion Centre at Suntec City, a project sponsored by the Who's Who of Hong Kon g's business moguls, adds to the industry's capabilities and underscore Sing apore's position as Asia's leading convention city. ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------- TOURISM I NDICATORS 1984-90 --------------------------------------------------------- ------------ Arrivals Room inventory % % change change 1984 2,991,430 4.8 16,440 13.6 1985 3,030,970 1.3 19,018 15.7 1986 3,191,058 5.3 22,080 16.1 1987 3,678,809 1 5.3 23,431 6.1 1988 4,186,091 13.8 24,669 5.3 1989 4,829,950 15.4 22,457 - 9.0 1990 5,310,992 10.0 23,807 6.0 ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Source: Singapore Tourist Promotion Board -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- The Financial Times London Pa ge VI Map (Omitted). Photograph (Omitted). Photograph Water fun, the lagoon at the Sentosa island theme park (above, right) which widens the tourist opt ions (Omitted). ============= Transaction # 124 ============================================== Transaction #: 124 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 10 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT921-15886 _AN-CAHBJAAPFT 920 108 FT 08 JAN 92 / Survey of Kenya (16): Strategies for all seasons - Tourism, from potential disaster to mild success < BYLINE> By JULIAN OZANNE THE worldwide downturn in touri sm last year, fuelled by the Gulf crisis, the international economic recessi on and the escalating costs of air travel, has proved a watershed in Kenya. Kenya's dynamic tourism industry, although faced by the prospect of a severe loss of jobs and hard currency in what is its biggest foreign exchange earn ing sector, has turned 1991 from being a potential disaster into a mild succ ess. The private sector and the government, with cancellations running at up to 60 per cent for the peak season of January to March, rallied with a seri es of measures. The boldest move by government was the decision to open up K enya to South African tourists, several months before the October Commonweal th head of government conference in Harare. Visas, previously denied to Sout h Africans, were granted at the airport and an agreement was reached to allo w South African Airways and Kenya Airways to operate one flight each a week between Nairobi and Johannesburg. The government also gave new incentives to the hotel training college, established an autonomous airports authority an d started the rehabilitation of Nairobi's international airport and continue d to strengthen the newly-created Kenya Wildlife Service, a semi-autonomous parastatal in charge of security and management in Kenya's national parks. T he private sector moved quickly, reducing rates and increasing charter fligh ts, particularly from Spain and Britain. In August and September there were 42 such flights a week arriving in Kenya, each with about 200 seats, in addi tion to scheduled flights. These measures appear to have averted a slump in tourist arrivals which in 1990 nearly reached 900,000 people, while foreign exchange earnings last year should approach the 1990 level of Dollars 467m. Sustaining the remarkable growth which Kenya's tourist sector has enjoyed si nce independence will not be easy. Since 1963 the numbers of visitors a year have increased from 110,000 to 889,000 in 1990 and foreign exchange earning s in the same period have mushroomed from Dollars 25m to Dollars 467m. In 19 87, tourism overtook coffee as the country's number one foreign exchange ear ner. The impact on the rest of the economy has been vast. Throughout the las t decade employment in the sector has grown by at least 5 per cent a year an d tourism has contributed to the expansion of the services sector - hotels, restaurants, road and air transport - and to allied industries such as const ruction and food. Much of the rapid growth in tourism in the past quarter of a century has been due to declining costs of air travel and the extensive i nfrastructure which was in place at independence. The government has created a reasonably attractive enabling environment through welcoming foreign inve stment in tourism, the development of infrastructure and the maintenance of relative political stability. Increasing importance has been given to conser vation and better animal management and while the national parks and reserve s sector was marred by a long period of poaching and inefficiency between 19 76-88 it has become a top priority. However, with mounting regional competit ion and the demands of the growing population a much greater effort is requi red. In order to continue generating jobs and increasing critical foreign ex change earnings the government has recognised the need to creat a better env ironment. Mr Philemon Mwaisaka, permanent secretary in the Ministry of Touri sm, says the government is targeting two key areas for growth over the next three years: diversifying the type of tourism available and drawing in visit ors from new markets. Diversification away from game parks and beaches will depend on giving greater importance to attractions such as cultural, confere nce and speciality tourism, scuba diving, fishing or mountaineering, and ope ning up new areas of Kenya to tourist development such as the volcanic deser t around Lake Turkana. Attracting visitors from outside the traditional mark ets of the US and Europe will require a big publicity drive in the Asia Paci fic area, particularly Japan and Singapore. In order to realise both ambitio ns a overhaul of Kenya's hitherto weak overseas marketing is necessary. So f ar the government has been content to leave most of the marketing to the pri vate sector. Unlike many other countries Kenya does not have an autonomous t ourist board. Between 1986 and 1990 the government spent a mere Dollars 25m on marketing. Kenya's well organised private sector has been lobbying hard f or a tourist board to be set up under an autonomous director to launch a con certed marketing campaign of research, information gathering and publicity t o enable the industry to better tailor and target their products in a compet itive market. The government has given its blessing to the appeal but progre ss appears slow. Good marketing and closer links with airlines will be vital to attract the high income from the choosy Japanese market. Plans for Kenya Airways to open up a route to Bangkok next year may prove insufficient to p enetrate Asia and South Africa is proving a formidable competitor with Singa pore Airlines operating a flight to Johannesburg. A number of issues need th e government's urgent attention. Problem areas include privatisation of gove rnment share holdings in hotels, developing a strategy for high income VIP t ourism, planning how to cope with the growing demand for combination tourism with tourists visiting at least two African countries, better harmonisation of visa and health requirements and more incentives, such as import duty ex emption on vehicles for the tourist sector. ------------------------------- ---------------------- TOURISM PROFILE ------------------------------------ ----------------- Total Total Aver. length rec eipts (Dollars m) visitors of stay (days) 1965 30.2 14 7,400 9.3 1970 51.8 326,500 8.8 1980 222.4 362,700 15.7 1985 239.8 541,200 15. 9 1987 354.9 662,100 16.0 1988 393.3 676,900 16.0 1989 417.0 729,700 14.2 1990 467 .0 (est) 889,000 (est) na ----------------------------------------- ------------ Source: Ministry of Tourism ---------------------------------- ------------------- The Financial Times London Pa ge VIII Map (Omitted). Table ============= Transaction # 125 ============================================== Transaction #: 125 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 13 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT942-1532 _AN-EFWDNAGLFT 9406 23 FT 23 JUN 94 / Survey of Korea (12): Island's charm i s under threat / A look at the impact that market liberalisation may have on Cheju By JOHN BURTON The beautiful volcanic island province of Cheju provides a good example of the challenges that South Korea is confronting in opening its domestic market to foreign c ompetition. Its half-million citizens are debating whether the benefits offe red by wider international access will outweigh the disruptive changes cause d by market liberalisation. Cheju, which lies 100 kilometres south of the Ko rean mainland, will be one of regions most affected by the relaxation of res trictions on agricultural imports under the recent Uruguay round of Gatt. Th e threatened decline of the agricultural industry, which has supported the i sland for centuries, is accelerating a shift toward international tourism as the province's new economic mainstay. This is also forcing a change in atti tudes on the island, which has traditionally displayed a fierce independence to the outside world. Cheju's tragic history has been marked by frequent re volts against the central government in Seoul. Its farmers were mostly freeh olders, rather than tenants as in the rest of Korea, which contributed to a resentment against the heavy hand of the central government. The rebellious nature of the island was reinforced by its role as a place of banishment for political exiles until the expiration of the Korean monarchy in 1910. The i sland suffered a mini-civil war in 1948-49, which was a harbinger of the Kor ean War of the 1950-53, when the Seoul government adopted a tough policy in reasserting its authority over the island following Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule. An estimated 30,000 persons, about 12 per cent of th e island's population at the time, were killed during the insurrection. The island's bloody history has created ambivalent attitudes toward the vast cha nges being imposed on Cheju from the outside. The most significant developme nt will be the decline of agriculture, which still accounts for 36 per cent of the island's economy. Cheju's agricultural industry is largely based on t angerines, which are grown on small, inefficient and heavily state-subsidise d farms on the southern half of the island. The full opening of the Korean m arket to tangerine imports by 2004 is likely to lead to a consolidation of l ocal farms. The government, however, hopes to take advantage of the lower tr ade barriers promised by the Uruguay round to increase tangerine and other a gricultural exports to Japan, which are expected to triple within the next f ive years to Dollars 100m. Cheju is seeking to create a sales network for ag ricultural products in Japan and establish direct shipping routes there for the quick delivery of produce. But these measures are only meant to preserve some of island's agricultural industry and will do little to sustain Cheju' s economic growth. Instead, the government is concentrating on inter- nation al tourism as the key instrument to revive the island's fortunes. The natura l beauty of the island is well-suited to attract visitors. Its landscape bea rs more similarities to Europe than to Asia, combining the volcanoes of Icel and with the moors of Ireland and the coast of northern Italy. The push for tourism began in the 1970s, when Cheju was developed as a honey- moon resort for Korean couples. It enjoyed a captive market since overseas travelling b y Koreans was severely restricted by the government until the late 1980s. To urism in the past few years has become the island's biggest industry, accoun ting for 40 per cent of the economy. But the recent easing of travel restric tions has meant that Korean newly-weds are now visiting Guam, Saipan and Haw aii instead. Cheju has switched its tourism strategy to attracting more fore ign visitors, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. A total of Won7,390bn will be invested in Cheju by 2001 to build a series of resort complexes in an at tempt to increase tourism by 50 per cent to 5.3m visitors annually. The emph asis will no longer be on mass tourism, but on attracting prosperous individ ual travellers. 'We would like to build more hotels, sports facilities, aqua riums, amusement parks, yacht marinas and casinoes in the hope of making Che ju the Las Vegas of Asia,' says Mr Chi Youn-tai, president of the Korean Nat ional Tourism Corporation. The KNTC has already established one resort compl ex at Chungman Beach and will participate in the construction of two others. The Hanjin conglomerate, which owns the country's main carrier Korean Air, is also planning to build a resort facility. The government estimates that i ncreased tourism by high-spending visitors will quintuple the size of the is land's economy to Won7,800bn by 2001. But the islanders have expressed resen tment at the development plans. 'Cheju people are very independent- minded a nd don't like to be interfered with by outsiders,' admits Mr Chi. 'These peo ple sometimes feel that the outsiders are reaping all the advantages of the development and they are left with little.' But the conclusion of the Urugua y Round and its impact on the island's agricultural sector are changing peop le's attitudes. 'They now realise that they have a beautiful place for touri sm, which will mean their survival. They are beginning to understand that to urism is very important,' Mr Chi explained. Public opposition to the buildin g of a second golf course on Cheju, for example, is receding. But the threat remains that extensive development will spoil the island's con- siderable n atural charm and destroy the appeal that first attracted visitors to Cheju. Countries:- KRZ South Korea, Asia. Indust ries:- P9641 Regulation of Agricultural Marketing. P9721 Inter national Affairs. P953 Housing and Urban Development. Types: - CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page VIII ============= Transaction # 126 ============================================== Transaction #: 126 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 15 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT934-6252 _AN-DKYDLAF6FT 9311 25 FT 25 NOV 93 / Survey of Turkish Finance and Industry (14): Tourism revenue drops - Terrorist attacks frighten off visitors By SHEILA JONES The lure of cheap holida ys in Turkey has been severely diminished by this year's spate of kidnapping s and bombings by Kurdish separatists. Visitors to Turkey plummeted from 2.8 m to 2.2m in the peak months of July, August and September, according to gov ernment figures. Earnings for the year are likely to be well below expectati ons and short of last year's Dollars 3.6bn. 'Terrorism has seriously undermi ned revenues from tourism,' says one western diplomat in Ankara. 'The govern ment had hoped for Dollars 6bn from tourism this year. That is likely to be halved because of the PKK (Kurdish separatist group).' Tourism is still one of Turkey's biggest single foreign exchange earners. Last year, the country took a 1.3 per cent share of the world's Dollars 279bn income from tourism. And the government says it believes earnings will pick up again next year. ' I am cautious about this year,' says Ms Ayse Feyizoglu, of the Turkish touri sm ministry. 'But in the long run I think the numbers should go on increasin g.' The industry has grown rapidly since the mid-1980s when the government s et out to encourage tourism by improving the infrastructure, including roads , hotels and airport facilities, particularly along the Mediterranean and Ae gean coast. 'In 1987, we had only 65,000 hotel beds,' says Ms Feyizoglu. 'No w there are more than 300,000, and facilities for a further 200,000 are unde r construction. In the next two to three years, we expect the number of fore ign visitors to rise to 10m a year.' Earnings from tourism rose sharply betw een 1985 and 1990 as droves of visitors, mostly from western Europe, took up the promise of a cheap and exotic holiday, with good food and virtually gua ranteed sunshine. Between 1985 and 1990 the number of foreigners visiting Tu rkey jumped from 2.5m to 5.4m, with receipts from tourism rising from Dollar s 1.5bn to Dollars 3.2bn. The rise was interrupted in the aftermath of the G ulf War, when earnings dropped to Dollars 2.65bn in 1991. Last year, the num bers bounced back, with 7m visitors, producing receipts of Dollars 3.6bn. Ho wever, up to September this year Turkey had attracted only 5m foreign touris ts, against 6.7m a year ago. The latest figures, coupled with a rising numbe r of Turks travelling abroad, undermine government attempts to improve the c ountry's balance of payments position with earnings from tourism. An estimat ed 3.2m Turks going abroad will reduce the net figure from tourism this year by Dollars 950,000. Turks are expected to spend Dollars 1bn on holidays abr oad next year. Ms Feyizoglu says that Turkey is making up some of the losses from Europe with a rising number of visitors from the south-east Asia, in p articular from Japan. Last year, nearly 28,000 Japanese tourists visited Tur key, according to government figures, against 12,000 the year before. After terrorist attacks on coastal resorts and kidnappings of foreigners, the gove rnment has promised greater security at hotels and other holiday accommodati on. The slide in earnings has also prompted new minimum regulations for the industry. Recession in Europe has discouraged visitors from abroad, says Ms Feyizoglu. The number of Germans, who account for the largest group of touri sts in Turkey at about 12 per cent, has declined this year by more than 5 pe r cent. But officials say terrorist attacks are only part of the problem. 'T he Germans also fear reprisals after neo-Nazi attacks on Turks in Germany,' says Ms Feyizoglu. 'But no-one here would contemplate such an act of revenge .' Western embassies in Ankara, including those of the US, Germany and the U K, are still warning their citizens to steer clear of south-east Turkey, alt hough not of the rest of the country. Yet thousands of foreigners are stayin g away, for whatever reason, and next year's official target of 8m visitors to Turkey may prove optimistic. Countries:- TRZ Turk ey, Middle East. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Recre ation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 127 ============================================== Transaction #: 127 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 16 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT943-11956 _AN-EG1ANAF7FT 940 727 FT 27 JUL 94 / Survey of Tunisia (11): Europeans are targeted - James Harding looks at the country's tourism strategy By JAMES HARDING 'Tourism in Tunisia is a sun , sea and sand product,' according to Mr Mohammed Jegham, minister for touri sm. 'There is sometimes another 's', but we do not encourage that, we leave it to our tourists.' So saucy a comment may seem out of place from a ministe r of a state where Islam is the dominant religion, but from the representati ve of a tourism industry making a pitch for the Mediterranean market it is q uite appropriate. Rather than aiming for tourists to Morocco or Egypt, Mr Je gham has his sights on people who might go to the Balearics, Canaries or Gre ece. Along the coast and on the islands just offshore, purpose-built resorts at Tabarka and Jerba, along with established destinations such as Hammamet, Sousse and Monastir, offer holiday-makers guaranteed sun, a decent stretch of sand, soft rock by the poolside, a cuisine blessed by both French and Ara b influences, and local wine, all for less than they would get it on the nor thern side of the Med. Tourists appear to be appreciating this. Mr Jegham pr edicts a record year for hard-currency receipts from tourism of Dollars 1.3b n, rising by a further 15 per cent to Dollars 1.5bn in 1995. The official fi gures support his optimism, showing that for the first four months of 1994 t ourists spent 4.54m nights in Tunisia, up 24 per cent on the previous year. Results are particularly encouraging for the new luxury resorts offering gol f, sailing, hunting and diving in addition to the standard indulgences of a beach holiday, with tourism nights up by 48 per cent at Tabarka and 38 per c ent at Jerba. What is significant in a sector which represents only 5-6 per cent of GDP but 20-25 per cent of hard currency receipts, is that Tunisia is attracting more European tourists. In 1993, west European visitors rose by 17 per cent to 2.16m, including 712,000 Germans, 448,000 Frenchmen, 246,000 Britons and 242,000 Italians. The east European market is also being develop ed successfully, with numbers doubling to 70,000 last year, estimated to inc rease to 100,000 this year, and predicted to grow to 150,000 in 1995. It is numbers that drive Tunisia's tourism strategy. The pace of construction sugg ests that the country will have 200,000 hotel beds by the end of the century . Investment in quantity, which offers regular, bankable receipts, rather th an quality, which is notoriously vulnerable to trends in elite tourism, may seem over-cautious. But Tunisian hoteliers point out that even if five-star tourists spend a lot, they can also be infuriatingly unpredictable. Consider ing the numbers of workers who rely on tourism - Tunisian hotels employ 60,0 00 people and other linked sectors a further 200,000 according to the touris m ministry, not to mention its impact on such sectors as construction, agric ulture and services - prudent investment in the more dependable beach holida y market promises steady results. Nevertheless, sun, sea and sand is not all that is on offer - for travellers who interpret Mr Jegham's fourth 's' to m ean sites, there are several points of interest. In addition to the Islamic sites at Kairouan, the mosaics at the Bardo museum, and the desert in the so uth, there are several outstanding Roman sites. At El Jem stands the largest amphitheatre in Africa visible from five miles away across the open scrub o f the Sahel plain. The 30,000-seater was built in the second century AD and despite recurrent attacks and bombardment against rebels who holed up in the re over the first 1,000 years of its existence, it is well-preserved. The de licate touches in the form of mosaics, inscriptions and sculpture which are noticeably missing from the theatre itself can be found in the accompanying museum. In the north-west corner of Tunisia, not far from the Algerian borde r, two further Roman sites are available for what is, in effect, a private v iewing. Dougga, a large provincial Roman town built in AD 168 sprawls across a hillside commanding a view across a broad valley of olive groves, wheatfi elds and fallow ground. For an 1,800-year-old site, it feels strangely lived -in - the interconnecting dwellings, shops, latrines and temples recreate a sense of the intimacy of the original Dougga community. The wealthy inhabita nts of Bulla Regia, which lies above the Mejerda Valley and 60km north of Do ugga, chose to build underground rather than on a hillside exposed to the he at. They made little allowance in architectural or aesthetic terms for the i nconvenience of building beneath the ground - the villas exhibit classical c ourtyards, the remains of central fountains and a few pristine mosaics in si tu, all in a cool, comfortable environment. These exceptional sites are larg ely untroubled by tourists. Development of the beach holiday package has bee n at the expense of investment in the infrastructure for sightseeing. As a r esult, the benefits of privacy in 'discovering' Tunisia are paid for in the costs of transport - car hire is extortionate. With receipts growing at 10 per cent on the back of Mediterranean business, there is little reason for t he enthusiastic and successful Mr Jegham to redirect Tunisia's tourism strat egy to invest in roads and buses to the sites and super-luxury hotels for an elite clientele. Until that kind of investment is made, however, you will h ave to wake the gatekeeper at Dougga. Countries:- TNZ Tunisia, Africa. Industries:- P7999 Amusement and Rec reation, NEC. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. < PUB>The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 128 ============================================== Transaction #: 128 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 25 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT923-3223 _AN-CINBUADLFT 9209 14 FT 14 SEP 92 / Survey on Mauritius (12): Expanding to urism presents dilemmas - Paradise has problems By J ULIAN OZANNE GOLDEN sunlight dances off the clear turquoise water of the Indian ocean. A gentle breeze, blowing across the lagoon, rust les the deep green leaves of palm trees fringing white sandy beaches. Half a mile out to sea, the surf breaks gently over the coral reef. There are few 'sea, sun and sand' tourist destinations in the world which come as close to paradise as Mauritius, with its excellent facilities for deep sea diving, b ig game fishing, water skiing, wind surfing, riding and sailing. But the tou rism sector is struggling to come to terms with a rocketing expansion of the industry. This has created serious environmental and economic problems and left government confused about the policy direction it should follow for the next five years. Industry experts say a comprehensive government five-year tourism development policy is eagerly awaited. They look to this to give cle ar directions about critical policy issues such as tourist arrivals, hotel d evelopment, international marketing strategies, environmental impact assessm ents, and plans to develop a more diversified and high quality product. The tourism boom in Mauritius has been impressive. Tourist arrivals have doubled in six years: 148,900 in 1985 to 298,500 last year. Earnings have risen fro m MR845m to M3.9bn over the same period, making tourism the third biggest fo reign exchange winner. Particularly good results have been achieved in boost ing the average spending per tourist, which increased from MR5,676 in 1985 t o M13,000 in 1991. After a disappointing year in 1991, during which tourist arrivals increased only by 2.4 per cent over the previous year ( mainly beca use of world recession and the Gulf War), Mr Noel Lee Cheong Lem, minister o f tourism, says arrivals look likely to return to a growth rate of about 10 per cent this year. This pattern of growth has had its costs. The number of hotels in the past six years has increased from 55 to 80, with an increase i n the number of beds from 5,387 to 10,482. Bed occupancy rates fell to a rec ord low of only 47 per cent last year, as the increase in tourists has not k ept pace with the increase in beds. Between 1985-1988, according to Mr Lem, a number of hotel development certificates were distributed as 'political fa vours' - without either adequate planning about how the new hotels were goin g to be filled, or consideration of the environmental impact of this expansi on. With low occupancy rates the new hotels are struggling to make profits, despite attempts to buy market share by cutting rates. Furthermore, the unre gulated growth in the number of hotels has had a detrimental impact on the e nvironment. Dumping of untreated sewage into the seas and lagoons, particula rly severe in the Grand Baie area, has had a damaging impact on the marine e cosystem. A moratorium on 20 new hotel projects expired last year, but Mr Le m says 16 of these projects have subsequently been shelved, and the governme nt is trying to persuade the other four not to go ahead. 'We are applying th e brakes on the further expansion of the tourist sector and at the same time trying to widen the market to allow hotels to achieve the rate of occupancy which is viable and profitable.' All new hotel developments will now also b e subject to an environmental impact assessment under the new Ministry of th e Environment. If hotel development is slowed, and the growth in arrivals co ntinues to boom, Mauritius's capacity problem and the economic viability of hotels is likely to ease considerably within the next three to four years. T he government has now abandoned an arbitrary limit of 400,000 arrivals by th e year 2000, and Mr Lem says Mauritius is a long way from the threshold of t olerance of tourist arrivals, and that the ratio of tourist arrivals to popu lation is still so low that at least 500,000 arrivals by the end of the cent ury is acceptable and possible. Two important challenges face the government in seeking to increase arrivals: developing new markets, and developing the infrastructure for the 'second phase' of development. Government is pinning its hopes on development of the Japanese and Indian markets, and consolidat ion of the French, British, German and South African markets. A once-a-week flight from Osaka to Mauritius is expected to start by 1994. But hoteliers a nd tour operators say the Government Tourist Office is weak and ineffective, and must develop a much more aggressive marketing campaign. They say the MR 65m allocated to promotion in this year's budget is not enough. The governme nt will continue to ban charter flights, camping and caravan sites, to disco urage 'low budget' tourists and maintain Mauritius's image as an upmarket de stination for 'low volume high income'. The question remains whether the suf ficient growth in numbers can come from the high income market alone. Moreov er, many 'low budget' tourists, especially from France, continue to find the ir way to Mauritius by taking charters to Reunion and then making the short (50 minutes) flight to Mauritius. Some hoteliers and tour operators believe it would be better to accept that low budget tourists are going to come, cat er properly for them, and get the maximum revenue out of them. They also say that Mauritius remains an extremely expensive destination, even for the hig h-income bracket tourist, and that only by considerably improving the qualit y of the product and service will the industry be able to continue to attrac t increased volume in the face of competition from Kenya, Seychelles, Indone sia, Maldives and Thailand. Development of infrastructure and added faciliti es will be critical to further growth - as will maximising revenue by attrac ting tourists off the beaches to spend more money on other activities. The d evelopment of the National Handicraft Centre, and of inland facilities such as the 'Domain du Chasseur,' a deer hunting and nature park, is being welcom ed by the private sector. After a period of rapid growth the government is n ow facing crucial decisions on how to consolidate and expand its thriving to urist sector to ensure that continued growth will be sustainable. --------- ----------------------------------------------------------- TOURISM ------------------------------------------------------- ------------- 1986 1988 1990 1991 1992* -------------------------------------------------------------------- Arrivals (000s) 165.3 239.3 291.6 300.7 330 Gross ea rnings (MRs) 1.19bn 2.37bn 3.63bn 3.88bn 4.40bn Bed occupancy (%) 61.4 74.1 68.4 60.0 62.0 Hotels 56 64 75 80 80 Employment 5,955 7,005 9,670 10,388 12,000 *Predictions. ----------------------- --------------------------------------------- Source: Ministry of Tourism, M auritius Government Tourist Office ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- The Financial Times London Page VI ============= Transaction # 129 ============================================== Transaction #: 129 Transaction Code: 22 (Record(s) Saved) Terminal ID: 64 Z39.50 Server ID: 19 (TREC) Session ID: 2 New Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Old Z39.50 Server ID: 0 (Astro/Math/Stat) Usr Interface: Prob Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Rec. Format: Long Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969 Selec. Rec. #: 26 Boolean Indexes Used: 0 Author 0 Date 0 Rectype 0 X_Corp Author 0 Call # 0 Title 0 Language 0 X_Author 0 Uniform Title 0 Subject 0 ISBN 0 X_Title 0 X_Subject 0 Organization 0 LCCN 0 Topic 0 Host Item 0 Series 0 ISSN 0 Keyword 0 Conf Boolean Conjunctions: Button 1: and Button 2: OR Button 3: or Used?: No Used?: No Used?: No # Keywords: 0 Error Code: 0 # Hits: 0 Help Code: 0 # Displayed: 0 Help ID: 0 Associated Variable Length Text: FT944-1609 _AN-ELSDLAFKFT 9412 19 FT 19 DEC 94 / Survey of Sweden (7): Growing rapidly - Tourism By KAREN FOSSLI Tourism i s one of Sweden's fastest-growing sectors and, although the trade is relativ ely young, ranks as the country's third-largest industry, generating annual turnover of an estimated SKr98bn of which SKr21bn is derived from foreign to urists. The attraction of Sweden has to be, among many things, the country's unspoilt environment and alluring scenery comprising 60,000 islands, 90,000 lakes, a 4,725-mile coastline and endless forests. There are also 350 museu ms in the country and a wide variety of special events throughout the year. The tourist industry peaked in 1989 when turnover hit SKr100bn, but nose-div ed by nearly SKr80bn during 1990-91 when the then Social Democratic governme nt led by Mr Ingvar Carlsson, increased value added tax on tourism to 25 per cent in two stages. The VAT increase coincided with the onset of the deepes t recession to hit Sweden since the second world war. But the industry recov ered during 1991-93 after a new conservative Moderate government, led by Mr Carl Bildt, reorganised the marketing of tourism and cut VAT to 12 per cent. These factors were aided by the start of a recovery in the economy which be gan at the end of 1993. Nevertheless, even after the rate cut, Sweden's VAT remains significantly higher than the European average. The Swedes argue vig orously that prices in their country have become competitive with the rest o f Europe while a main priority of marketing seeks to dispel 'the myth' that Sweden is far too expensive to be considered a holiday destination by more t han just the elite. 'Surveys show that many foreigners still believe that Sw eden is too expensive. Heavy resources are therefore being invested in marke ting Sweden abroad,' the Swedish Trade Council said in its 1994 annual repor t on the country. In the first nine months of this year, the number of overn ight stays in Swedish hotels by foreigners rose 13 per cent compared with th e year-earlier period, and industry executives are predicting that 1994 will be a record year in terms of growth. Last year, foreigners' overnight stays alone reached 6.1m. During the first nine months of 1994, Dutch and Danish tourists accounted for the highest growth rate in overnight stays in percent age terms, rising respectively 25 per cent and 26 per cent while US visitors rose by 14 per cent. German tourists, the largest group of foreign visitors to Sweden, increased their overnight stays by 13 per cent and UK tourists 1 1 per cent. Another indication of the strength of this year's activity is a forecast rise in the number of cruise ship passengers calling on Stockholm a lone. It is estimated that international cruise ships will make 125 visits t o the capital city this year, carrying a total of 70,000 passengers, represe nting an increase of 10,000 passengers over 1993. Mr Per-Johann Orrby, presi dent of Next Stop Sweden (NSS), the Swedish Travel and Tourist Council, attr ibutes the rise in tourism's fortunes partly to Sweden's attractive prices - in foreign currency terms - since the krona was devalued by nearly 30 per c ent in 1992. The reduction of VAT and a slight recovery of the economy are a lso considered significant. NSS reckons that sterling buys 15 per cent more in Sweden since the devaluation, while the purchasing power of the US dollar has risen 18 per cent and the German mark 30 per cent. But the Swedes proba bly also have their next-door Nordic neighbours to thank for foreign interes t, following Norway's success in arranging the Winter Olympics earlier this year. For more than two weeks in February, hours and hours of pristine, sunl it 'Scandinavian' winter images were broadcast worldwide from Lillehammer in Norway. Such coverage undoubtedly had a spill-over affect for Sweden and mu st have improved the country's standing as a tourist destination. The Olympi cs boosted Norway's tourist industry by as much as 5 per cent this year but it would be difficult to quantify the effect it had on Swedish tourism. Acco rding to Mr Jan Brannstrom, managing director of Image Sweden, the state-bac ked agency which promotes Sweden internationally, recent studies revealed th at about half the foreign tourists visiting Sweden do so as part of a Scandi navian tour. But, he said, there were no plans for a joint Scandinavian tour ism marketing effort and, in the long-run, he saw few, if any, benefits from such a scheme. Another important factor which has undoubtedly lifted the aw areness of Sweden abroad is the apparent success of the big overhaul of the organisational structure of marketing services for tourism. The Swedish Tour ist Board was dismantled and Image Sweden established together with NSS. Ima ge Sweden purchases marketing services from NSS for an estimated NKr60m annu ally. Countries:- SEZ Sweden, West Europe. Industries:- P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs. Types:- CMMT Comment & Analysis. The Financ ial Times London Page IV